I-encephalitis ephathekayo yikitikithi isifo esithathelwanayo (amagciwane) esiyingqikithi yemvelo, lapho ubuchopho obuchopho buphethwe khona, kanye nezinambuzane zobuchopho nomgogodla. Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukukhubazeka nokufa.
Izindlela zokutheleleka nge-encephalitis enikezwe umkhaza
Imithombo yegciwane le-encephalitis eliphathwe ngamakethi yizilwane zasendle nezinyoni (ikakhulukazi amagundane amancane), kanye nabathwali - ama-ixodid. Ukudla ngegazi lesilwane esinegciwane elikhona egazini, i-mite iba umgcini wegciwane, ulondoloze impilo futhi lidlulisele enzalweni yalo.
Umuntu angatheleleka nge-encephalitis ekhiqizwa ngamakhiza ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Okokuqala (okuyinhloko) kuyadluliselwa: igciwane ligxila kakhulu emigqumeni ye-salivary yomkhaza, ngakho-ke uma ihlamba isikhumba somuntu ngesikhathi segazi nge-saliva, umkhaza othelelekile uwudlulisela egazini.
- Owesibini (ongavamile) uyondla: ukutheleleka emaphepheni wokugaya nokugaya ngokusebenzisa ubisi olungenamvubelo lwezimbuzi noma izinkomo ezithathelwana ne-encephalitis enikezwe umuthi.
Futhi, ukungcoliswa kungenzeka uma uhlaka lwamathala noma i-cavitary liquid ye-mites egazinikile ekhanda ngokucutshungulwa okuncane noma ukuchotshozwa noma emagunyeni omlomo nomlomo. Lokhu kungenzeka uma uzama ukuchofoza uphawu.
Ukubaluleka okukhulu ekudlulisweni kwegciwane kunesikhathi sokuncelisa igazi, ngakho kubalulekile ukususa imithi esondayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kubantu abahlukene ukutholakala kwe-encephalitis ephathekayo kuhlukile. Njengoba kuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni engokwemvelo, umuntu angakwazi ukuncelisa amakhekithi amaningi ngokufaka amanani amancane wegciwane. Emva kwalokhu, ama-antibodies akhiqizwa egazini, ukuqoqwa okukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Uma abantu abanjalo benesandulela ngculaza, lesi sifo sizoqhubeka ngesimo esibucayi.
Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-tick-borne encephalitis kubantu abadala
Izibonakaliso ze-encephalitis ezithwalwe ngamakhaza aziveli ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa umuthi, nakuba ukutheleleka kungenzeka emaminithini okuqala wegazi. Ubude obuphakathi kwesikhathi sokufakelwa kwe-encephalitis (kusukela ekuthelelekeni kuya ekubonakalisweni kwezimpawu) yilezi: indlela yokudlulisela - izinsuku ezingu-7-14, ezinezinsiza zokudla - izinsuku ezingu-2-7.
Njengomthetho, lesi sifo siqala kahle, sihambisana nalezi zimpawu:
- ukwanda kokushisa komzimba (kufika ku-40 ° C);
- ikhanda elibukhali;
- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
- ukushayeka okuvamile, ubuthakathaka;
- ukungabi nesifiso sokudla;
- ubuhlungu besisu ;
- i-hyperemia yesikhumba ebusweni, entanyeni, esifubeni.
Isigaba esiyingozi sihlala cishe izinsuku ezingu-4, emva kwalokho kukhishwa ukuxolelwa, okuhlala izinsuku ezingaba ngu-8. Ngokuqhubekayo ku-20 - 30% weziguli isigaba esilandelayo sesifo senzeke, lapho isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko sithinteka khona. Kule sigaba, izimpawu ezilandelayo zivame ukuthi:
- umkhuhlane;
- ikhanda elibi kakhulu;
- ukucindezeleka kwemisipha yentamo;
- ukungazi lutho;
- inqabile;
- ukushona, i-paresis nokukhubazeka kwemisipha.
Ngokuya ngobukhulu bezimpawu, izinhlobo eziyisihlanu zokwelapha zalesi sifo ziyahlukahluka:
- i-febrile;
- i-meningeal;
- i-poliomyelitis;
- i-meningoencephalic;
- polyradiculoneurotic.
Umphumela omuhle kunazo zonke yi-fribrile ifomu (ukutakula ngokushesha), okuvelele kakhulu
Ukwelashwa kwe-encephalitis enikezwe umkhaza
Uma kutholakala izimpawu ze-encephalitis emithwaleni, kudingeka ukwelashwa okunamandla, isiguli singene esibhedlela esiphuthumayo esibhedlela. I-Serum, ama-antibiotics, i-immunoglobulin, i-anticholinesterase izidakamizwa, amavithamini B, ama-biostimulators, njll asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa. Isikhathi sokuphumula singadlulela isikhathi eside, ama-neuroprotectors, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokusilalisa asetshenziselwa ukuvuselelwa.