Inqubo yokuqedwa kwesistimu yokuzala komuntu wesifazane ingathatha iminyaka eminingana. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi simo zingabonwa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuphela kokuya esikhathini. Ukuphelele kwezibonakaliso nokubonakaliswa kwale nqubo kubizwa ngokuthi i-climacteric syndrome.
I-Climacteric syndrome - iyini?
I-Climacteric syndrome - inhlanganisela yezibonakaliso, izimpawu kanye nokubonakaliswa, okubonisa ukuqedwa kancane kancane kwesistimu yokuzala. Izimpawu zokuqala ze-syndrome zivela ngesikhathi se- foremenopausal futhi kwezinye izimo ziqhubeka ezinkambeni ze- postmenopausal . Isikhathi salesi sifo sinesikhathi eside - singahlala ezinyangeni eziningana kuya eminyakeni emihlanu (30% yabesifazane).
Ngesigamu seziguli, izimpawu zokunqamuka kwesikhashana zizibonakalisa ngokwazo. Lapho i-climacteric syndrome yabesifazane, izimpawu zizibonakalisa eziqhingini ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-5-10. Ngokusho kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kanye nezikhalo zabesifazane ezibathinta, ukubonakaliswa kwesifo se-climacteric syndrome kukhulunywa kakhulu phakathi nomnyaka owedlule wokuya esikhathini, bese amandla abo kanye nokuvama kwehle. Noma kunjalo, ukunyamalala okuphelele akukwenzeka.
I-Climacteric syndrome - i-pathogenesis
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-symacrome ye-climacteric ebonisa kanjani, kuyadingeka ukuba unake into ebangela ukucindezela okuyinhloko. Isizathu sokubonakala kwezimpawu ezibonisa ukuqala kokunqamuka kwesikhashana kungukushintsha kwendawo yangemuva ye-hormonal. Kwabesifazane, kunciphisa ekuqalisweni kwamahomoni ocansi - ama-estrogens. Lezi zinto azilawuli nje kuphela umsebenzi wesistimu yokuzala, kodwa futhi zithinta nezinye izitho. Ukuntuleka kwabo kubonakala emsebenzini wesimiso senhliziyo nesisindo (ukwephulwa kwalezi zitho kugxilwe ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini).
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinguquko zalolu hlobo ziyisici kubo bonke abesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala. Nokho, isikhathi sokubukeka kwabo, izinga lokukhuluma lingashintsha. Kwezinye izimo, i-psymacteric syndrome ye-pathological syndrome ingabonwa, lapho izimpawu zisho ukuthi zishintsha ngokuphelele indlela yokuphila evamile. Ukuhlukunyezwa kokukhubazeka kwemvelo kwendlela yokuzala, ngokusho kwamakhosikazi, kungaba nengxenye kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- umsebenzi womzimba njalo, izimo zokusebenza ezimbi;
- izimo ezicindezelayo, ukuphazamiseka kwezinhlelo ze-endocrine nezisemkhatsini;
- izinkinga kule puerperium nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezithombeni zomzimba;
- ukwedlula ngokweqile.
I-menopausal syndrome ibonakala kanjani kubesifazane?
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-climacteric syndrome zivele ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kokuya esikhathini noma phakathi nonyaka ngokuya esikhathini. Ngokuvamile odokotela balungisa inkambo ye wavy, lapho izimpawu eziyinhloko, zinyamalala okwesikhashana, ziphinde zivele. Isibonakaliso sesimpawu se-climacteric syndrome yinkinga ye-neuropsychic ebonakala ngokuphazanyiswa kwesistimu yezinzwa zomphakathi. Phakathi kwezinye izibonakaliso ezingenzeka, odokotela bayabiza:
- exchange-endocrine;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-neurovegetative.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Psychoneurotic of symacromeic syndrome
Leli qembu lezimpawu ngokuvamile libhekisela ekubonakalweni kokunqamuka kwesikhashana okubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi. Izibonakaliso zokuqala zalolu hlobo lwabesifazane ziqala ukuqaphela kakade emva kokuqeda kokuya esikhathini. Ukuhlushwa kwe-hormone egazini kwehla, futhi lokhu kuholela ekujuleni kwemizwa njalo, ukuthuthukiswa kokulala. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Psycho-neurotic ye-climacteric syndrome kuhlanganisa:
- ukulala;
- ukukhunjulwa kwenkumbulo;
- ukucasula;
- ukudabuka;
- ukulondeka;
- ukubonakala komzwelo wesaba;
- ukukhathazeka;
- ukhathala okwandayo;
- ukwehlisa isifiso socansi.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Vasovegative ye-symacrome symacteric
Ukubonakaliswa kwemifino ye-symacrome syndrome kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso senhliziyo. Izinguquko eziphindaphindiwe ezingcindezini zegazi, ukunyuka komsebenzi wokugcoba, ukuphulwa komsindo wenhliziyo kubangele ukubonakala kwezibonakaliso zezici. Lezi yizi:
- ukukhanya okushisayo - umuzwa wokushisa okuzumayo, okuhambisana nokukhwabanisa kwesikhumba sobuso;
- izikhukhula;
- i-tachycardia ;
- ukuthuthumela;
- isiyezi;
- umzwelo wokuzibulala ezandleni;
- ikhanda;
- ushintsho olusheshayo emzimbeni wegazi.
I-Climacteric syndrome - ukuqina
Ngokwenza njalo, odokotela basebenzisa isigaba esithile. Umbhali walo nguVP Vikhlyaeva. Isizathu sokuhlukaniswa kwesifo se-climacteric syndrome sibe yizigaba ezihlukahlukene zokuqina, kuye ngokuthi imvamisa yokubonakala kwamanzi:
- I-degree elingu-1 (ifomu elikhanyayo) - uma inani lamathambo ngosuku lingadluli ama-episodes angu-10 (livela kuma-47% weziguli).
- I-degree 2 (ubunzima obulinganiselayo) - inani leziqephu zomzwelo wokushisa okungazelelwe, ama-waves angu-10-20 ama-episodes ngosuku (35% yabesifazane).
- 3 degree, noma njengoba kubizwa, i-severe climacteric syndrome - ukukhanya okushisayo kubonakala izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezi-20 ngosuku. Isimo sezempilo esibucayi sikhathazeka, ngezinye izikhathi owesifazane akakwazi ukuhola indlela yokuphila futhi uphoqelelwe ukuba athole ukwelashwa esibhedlela.
I-Climacteric syndrome - ukuxilongwa
Qinisekisa ukuthi i-symmetric syndrome yabesifazane ingahlolwa kuphela ngokuhlolwa, ezinye izibonakaliso nezimpawu akwanele. Ngokuvamile, ukuxilongwa kokuphulwa akubangeli ubunzima. Ihlanganisa:
- Ukubika nge-regularity noma ukungabikho kwepharamitha elinjalo lomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngamahomoni ocansi.
- Ukukhishwa kwamagciwane okuvumelanisa ohlelweni lokuzala, okungaba nezimpawu ezifanayo nalabo okuchazwe ngenhla.
- Ukubonisana kothisha, oculist (ukuhlolwa kwesimo se-fundus), i-endocrinologist.
I-Climacteric syndrome - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-symacrome symacteric kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Loluhlelo lwezokwelapha lusetshenziswa udokotela ngabanye, ngokucabangela ubudala besiguli, ukuqina kwesifo, isimo se-hormonal. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kuqala nenhlangano yokuphila enempilo - ukwenqaba imikhuba emibi, umsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba. Ukusebenzisa isikhathi esifushane ngokomzimba ukusiza amaminithi amahlanu kunganciphisi kuphela ukubonakaliswa kwe-symacrome syndrome, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwenqubo yesifo senhliziyo.
I-Climacteric syndrome - izincomo zomtholampilo
Uma owesifazane ene-symacrome syndrome, odokotela banikeza iseluleko sendlela yokubhekana nayo kuphela ngemva kokucwaninga ngokugcwele kwe-anamnesis yesiguli, ukuqoqwa kwedatha yonke. Ayikho indlela yonke ekwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zezempilo ezikhona, ukunciphisa inani lamathambo. Icala ngalinye lihlukile, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokwelapha luhlonywa udokotela ngabanye, ngokucabangela imiphumela yezifundo nokuhlaziya. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwe-symacrome syndrome kungafaka:
- i-hormone therapy esikhundleni;
- ukwelashwa ngamakhambi;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa;
- ukunamathela ekudleni okukhethekile.
I-Climacteric syndrome - ukwelashwa, izidakamizwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-menopausal syndrome kwabesifazane kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okuqinile kodokotela. Isisekelo sokwelapha izidakamizwa yizidakamizwa ze-hormonal. Isilinganiso, imvamisa yokuphatha kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kunqunywa ngamunye. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezibekelwe ukuphulwa okunjalo, njenge-symacrome symacrome, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa:
- Estrogens (okhethwe uma kwenzeka ukukhiqizwa okunganele ngokwezibeletho zabo): Femoston, Divina.
- Ama-Gestagens (asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izifo zesistimu yokuzala ehambisana nokunqamuka kwesikhashana): I-Norkolut, i-Prozhestan, i-Utrozhestan.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kokubeletha komlomo : Ukungena, i-Novinet.
Ukuvimbela isifo se-climacteric syndrome
Izindlela zanamuhla zokuvimbela i-menopausal syndrome zikhomba ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwendlela yokuphila yokuphila kanye nokudla. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi ukudla nokudla okunye, owesifazane angakwazi ukugcwalisa kancane ukuntuleka kwamahomoni ocansi, ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa okuhambisana ne-climacteric syndrome. Ukugunyazwa ekudleni kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 kufanele kube khona:
- ubhontshisi;
- i-garnet;
- izinsuku;
- iklabishi;
- imbewu yefilakisi;
- izaqathe;
- cherry.
Noma kunjalo, ukudla okulungile akukwazi ukuqeda ngokuphelele ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo.
Ukuze unciphise ingozi ye-climacteric syndrome, odokotela bayeluleka:
- Ukuqapha isisindo somzimba.
- Ukuqeda ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo.
- Ukuze kudlule noma kwenzeke ngesikhathi esifanele ukwelashwa okukhethiwe.
- Phatha izifo ezithathelwanayo.
- Njalo uhlole izivivinyo ekuvimbela izifo zokwelapha (okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka).