I-chicken pox yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangwa igciwane elivela emndenini we-Herpesviridae Varicella Zoster (i-Varicella Zoster) futhi idluliselwa ngamaconsi. Leli gciwane liyakwazi ukuthelela izingane. Futhi lesi sifo sinaso kulula, futhi emva kokuba lesi sifo sakhiwe isandulela-ngculazi esihlala njalo. Ingozi iyinkukhu ye-inkukhu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ikhukhuphuka ithinta kanjani ukukhulelwa?
I-Varicella nokukhulelwa kuyinhlanganisela eyingozi. I-chickenpox ekukhulelwe kokuqala ingaholela ekukhipha isisu okuzenzekelayo. Uma inkukhu isifo sesandulela ngculaza kamuva, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubeletha nokubeletha kungabonakala (izibazi esikhumbeni, i-hypoplasia yesiguli, ukuphuza kwengqondo, i-micro-ophthalmia, i-cataract nokulinda ukukhula). Kumele kuthiwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezimbi emfubeni kungavamile kakhulu (ku-1% wamacala), ngakho-ke uma owesifazane okhulelwe ethola inkukhu - lokhu akuyona inkomba yokuqedwa kokukhulelwa kokufakelwa. Ukusongelwa kwesisu ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kowesifazane okhulelwe esikhathini esingaphezu kwamasonto angu-14 kungu-0.4%, ngesikhathi samasonto angu-14-20 - ingozi ye-fetus ayikho ngaphezu kwe-2%, kanti igciwane lomntwana wesisu aliyona isongo ngemuva kwamasonto angu-20.
Isifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke ezinkukhukazi ezinkukhuleni kwabesifazane abakhulelwe zingakapheli izinsuku zokugcina ngaphambi kokubeletha (izinsuku ezingu-2-5). Kulesi simo, isana esingazalwa singaba nesifo senkukhu eneminyaka engama-10-20%, kanti kungenzeka ukuthi imiphumela ebulalayo ifika ku-30%. Uma izinkukhu ezibelethayo zihlasela izitho zangaphakathi ze-fetus, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwe-bronchopulmonary.
I-chickenpox kubesifazane abakhulelwe - izimpawu
I-chickenpox ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa iqala ngomkhuhlane kanye ne-malaise, lezi zimpawu ziyizinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubonakala kwe-rash. Ukuqhuma kuqala ekhanda nasobusweni, kancane kancane kwehla ngemuva kanye nesiqu, okungajwayelekile ukuthinta izitho. Ekuqaleni ukuqubuka kunesimo samapulethi (isibhamu esibomvu esikhuphuka ngaphezu kwesikhumba), khona-ke i-vesicle yenziwa endaweni ye-papule (i-vial egcwele i-serous fluid). I-papule ishintshwe yi-pustule - i-bubble eqhuma kusuka kuma-combs ama-scales ama-crusts. Ukuqhuma kuhambisana nokushaywa okukhulu, futhi ukuxuba izakhi zalo kungaholela ekungcoleni kwebhaktheriya. I-wave entsha ye-rash kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-2-5 emva kokuqala futhi zonke izakhi zalo zikhona ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezinkukhu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ukwelashwa kwe-chickenpox ngesikhathi ukhulelwe ukuthatha i-immunoglobulin ethize, okunciphisa ngisho nengozi encane yokusongela ingane. Uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngaphambi kokubeletha, ke, uma kunokwenzeka, ukubambezela ukulethwa kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze ingane isithole isikhathi sokuthola ama-antibodies omama futhi ngaleyo ndlela igweme inkukhu yokuzalwa. Uma lokhu kungenakwenziwa, ingane ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeletha inikezwa i-immunoglobulin ethize, futhi umama nengane emva kokubeletha badluliselwa emnyangweni webhokisi futhi banikeze izidakamizwa ze-antiviral (zovirax, acyclovir, valtrex) kwengane.
Ukuvimbela izinkukhu ezikhukhulayo kubesifazane abakhulelwe
Ukukhulelwa kokukhulelwa emva kwenkukhu kungenakho ukwesaba, ngoba owesifazane onjalo egazini unama-antibodies adingekayo ukulwa nalesi sifo. Abesifazane abangazange babe nengane yenkukhu ebuntwaneni badinga ukunamathela emithethweni ethile: ukunciphisa oxhumana naye wesifazane okhulelwe enezinkukhu futhi bahlole ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze babone ukuzivikela kwenkukhu enkundleni yokukhulelwa.
Ngemva kokucabangela ingozi yenkukhu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kungaphetha ngokuthi abesifazane abahlela ukukhulelwa kufanele baxhumane nodokotela okhethekile ukuze basize, futhi ukuhlela emva kokukhukhuka akudingi ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nokuhlolwa okukhethekile.