Isifo esinjalo esibulalayo segciwane, njengama-rabies ezinja, akubonakali izimpawu zokuqala. Futhi kusukela ukutholakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala zethemba lokuphulukiswa kwesilwane akusekho. Ukuvikela isilwane esivela kuleso sifo esiyingozi ngokusiza ngemigomo, umnikazi uvikela yena nayo yonke imvelo yakhe, ngoba lesi sifo singaphephile umuntu.
Inja ingathola kanjani izidakamizwa?
Embuzweni wokuthi i-rabies ithathwephi ezilwaneni, ososayensi banikeza impendulo engavumelani: ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa amachiza eziphilayo - umathe, igazi. Ngokuvamile igciwane liyadluliselwa esilwaneni esigulayo kuya enempilo ngokuluma. Iqembu lezingozi liqukethe izilwane ezifuywayo ezihlala eduze nezintaba, amahlathi, kude nezindawo eziphakathi. Abantu abalahlekile banesandulela komunye nomunye, amakati, izimpungushe, ama-raccoons, nezinye izilwane ezifudumele.
Ngisho nasendlini, isilwane esingaphumi emgwaqeni singase sihlupheke emgodini ongasena endlini. Futhi uma izinja zingabangane abadala futhi zingalali, kodwa zivele zikhohlise, ngamathe futhi kancane kancane igciwane lingene emzimbeni onempilo. Angakwazi futhi ukuya kumuntu uma uketshezi oluphilayo lwezinja ezithathelwanayo (bite) lufika esikhunjeni esonakele.
Izinyathelo zokudlwengula ezinja
Ezimweni eziningi, ama-rabies ezilwaneni adlula ngendlela enobudlova ezinsukwini ezingu-6-11 enezimpawu ezicacile nokuhlukaniswa esiteji:
- I-Prodromal. Ukubheka okungalungile esiteji sokuqala kungaba umfuyi oqaphele kakhulu, wazi ukuthi inja yakhe iwele ngesilwane esolisayo. Phakathi nosuku (ngezinye izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu) isilwane sibukeka sicindezelekile - asifuni ukudlala, silala kakhulu, asibonisi isithakazelo kwabanye. Ufihla abantu endaweni emnyama futhi akaphenduli ucingo. Ezinye izinja ngokuphambene nazo zinamathele enkosini, zifuna ububele futhi zikhohlise izintende zazo. Isilwane siqala ukugwedla, umquba, "sishaya" umoya. Le nkathi yingozi kakhulu, ngoba izimpawu azikakacaci, kanti izikhukhula zivele zinegciwane.
- I-Manic. Ngokuvumelana nesimo senja kanye nezibonakaliso zesifo ukuguqulwa - kufihliwe ebumnyameni, bese kugoqa, khona-ke ngaphandle kwesizathu sezikhukhula ezinamahloni kanye namadwala. Isilwane sijabule - sizama ukuphula isisindo, sigubha phansi, siguqule izinto ngokungakhethi. Inja igijima kuyo yonke into, futhi ku-master, futhi. Inja yomgwaqo ingakwazi ukuhamba ibanga elide, ukulimaza abantu nezilwane endleleni yayo. Amathele aqhuma, ibhakede elihle libonakala. Esigabeni esiphelile, lowo ogulayo uwela eceleni kwakhe, uphefumula kakhulu, uphonsa emoyeni futhi ahlupheke emagumbini. Isiteji samadoda sihlala izinsuku ezingu-3-5.
- Okhubazekile. Inja ilala futhi ife, izimpawu: ukunganaki okujulile, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu, ukwenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla nokuphuza. Awukwenzi kubantu, umphimbo ukhubazekile, umqubu ugeleza kakhulu esifubeni. Unesifo sokukhubazeka kwezinsikazi zezintambo, isilwane sizama ukungena endaweni emnyama, siwela e-coma futhi sifa ngokuyeka ukuphefumula. Ubude besigaba sokugcina sesi sifo singaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingu-7.
Kusekhona isimo esithulile, esivamile, esivelayo nesisu esiyinkimbinkimbi yesifo. Esimweni sokuqala, lapho kungekho ukuhlukumezeka, ukukhubazeka kwamaphethelo kanye ne-pharynx kuyaqala. Ngefomu lokubuyiselwa, kutholakala ukutakula futhi emavikini angu-3-4 futhi ukuvela kwezibonakaliso ezijwayelekile, ngokukhipha (okungajwayelekile futhi okungafundi kahle) - esigabeni sesibili kuza ukuphulukiswa okuphelele. Isifo se-atypical sihlala isikhathi eside, izinyanga ezingu-5 ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa esiteji.
I-incubation period yama-rabies ezinja
Isiphetho segciwane yizintambo zomgogodla nobuchopho. Njengoba eseduze nabo indawo yokuluma, ngokushesha uzoshaya lezi zitho, futhi izimpawu ze-rabies zizovela ezilwaneni. Ubude benkathi yokukhushulwa kunqunywa inani legciwane elingene emzimbeni. Ukwehlisa isifo kungenxa yobudala - izinja ezincane zigula kaningi futhi ngokushesha kunenja endala. Isiteji sokugxubha sifihliwe, kungamaviki angu-3-6. Ngokuvamile kuhlala isikhathi eside, kubantu ngabanye lesi sifo asibonakali kuze kube unyaka owodwa. Ematheni, igciwane ligxile kakade emva kwezinsuku ezingu-8-10, inja isivele iyingozi.
Izimpawu zama-rabies ezinja
Into eyinhloko yokwazi ukuthi i-rabies iqala kanjani ezinja, ukuze ihlukanise isilwane esithathelelekile ngesikhathi. Ukugula okunzima kule nja kungathathwa ukuthi libukeka likhishwe, isilwane sinomlomo ophuma emlonyeni, ulimi lukhishwa, ukukhanya kwe-corneal kanye nokuhlukumeza kukhula. AmaRabi ezinja - izimpawu:
- Isilwane sizama ukuphunyuka esitokisini, siziphathe kabi, sihlasele ngaphandle kwesixwayiso;
- esinye sezibonakaliso eziyinhloko ukwesaba amanzi, isilwane sesaba ngisho nokuyiphuza;
- inja iqala ukuluma izinto ezizungezile, futhi ngamandla amakhulu kangangokuba iphula amazinyo;
- isilwane sesaba izinto ezicasulayo - ukukhanya okuphazamisayo, umsindo omnandi;
- Amathe amisiwe kakhulu;
- ukukhazimula kuyaqhaqhazela futhi kugubha.
Isibonakaliso sokuqala sama-rabies ezinja
Ama-rabies angenangqondo ezilwaneni, izimpawu zokuqala ezifuywayo zingabonakalisa ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Uma zigcinwa emva kokuxhumana nesilwane esolisayo, kungcono ukukhombisa inja kudokotela. Ngokusemthethweni, abantu abasha bayagula ngokushesha kunezingane ezindala, ngoba isimiso sezinzwa sisimeme kakhulu kulokhu okugcina. Amagciwane ezinja - izimpawu zokuqala:
- i-yawning evamile;
- ukuvula umlomo, isilwane njengoba ukhohlwa ukuvala umlomo wayo;
- ukuphahlazeka kwemifino, inja njengokungathi "iguqula" umoya;
- ubuthakathaka;
- izindlu;
- isimo sengqondo esishintshayo.
Indlela yokuhlola inja ye-rabies?
Uma umnikazi wenja ebona izimpawu zokutheleleka kwesilwane ngesifo esibi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo:
- Khipha isilwane kwezinye izihlobo nabantu.
- Mnikele emtholampilo. Ngeshwa, izidalwa eziphilayo azikho izindlela eziqondile - indlela yokunquma izidakamizwa inja. Udokotela ubeka isilwane ngokuhlukanisa izinsuku ezingu-10 futhi ubukele ukuziphatha kwakhe. Akukho ukuhlolwa kwezinja eziphilayo kule sifo akukhiqizi, ngoba usongo olunezinsimbi ezine lubeka usongo kwabasebenzi emtholampilo. Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa izidakamizwa ezinjazini kubonisa izimpawu ezicacile, isilwane sithinteka, ukuze singakhulisi ubuhlungu bayo. Akukho ukwelashwa, ngisho nokukhulula isimo, akukhiqizi. Ukuxilongwa okuqondile kufakwa ngemuva.
Ukuhlaziywa kwama-rabies ezinja
Lapho ebuzwa indlela yokuqonda ukuthi inja inezinhlanzi, ayikho impendulo eqondile. Ngaphandle kwefomu elidlova ngezimpawu ezingenangqondo, isilwane singagula futhi sibe nesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi sesifo futhi sibe yi-virus carrier. Kubalulekile ukuqapha isilwane kanye nezinguquko ekuziphatheni kwayo, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona isiqephu sokuxhumana nesilwane esilisayo esisolisayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwama-rabies kuthathwe esilwaneni esifile, uma kuhlaselwa umuntu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ibhubhu idinga ukuletha isidumbu noma ikhanda lakhe. Ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa yizifundo zobuchopho lapho kukhona emkhakheni we-microscope yezindikimba zeBabes-Negri.
Ingabe ama-rabies aphathwe izinja?
Ngeshwa, izidakamizwa ezinja akuphathwa. Izilwane ezigulayo nezilolisayo zixutshwe ukuze zingaboni. Indlela engaqondakaliyo neyamukelekile ukugonywa kwansuku zonke kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma umfuyi engakaze anikeze lesi silwane umjovo we-rabies, khona-ke inja ingase ife kunoma yiliphi igciwane eliye lachaphazela ukuziphatha kwalo. Udokotela angakwazi ukugcoba, ukuhlukanisa inja eye ebanjwe isifo noma i- coronavirus kanye ne-quadruped ngaphandle kwelashwa izofa. Futhi inja ingaphila uma umnikazi efaka isikhashana ngesikhathi esivela esilweni esiyingozi.
Inja ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ne-rabies?
Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhushulwa, izimpawu zalesi sifo azibonakali, nakuba inja, igula ngama-rabies, isivele isakazekile. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, isilwane siqala ukukhombisa izimpawu, okuyinhloko yi-hydrophobia, ukungakwazi ukuphuza nokuhlukunyezwa. Ukuphila kwesilwane ngemuva kokubonakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo kufana nezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-11, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwesifo. Khona-ke ogulayo uyafa.
I-rabies isakazwa kanjani kusukela ezinja kuya kubantu?
Abantu bangenwa igciwane ngenxa yokulunywa kwesilwane esibi. Lo muntu unayo izimpawu ezinjalo: ukuxubana kwemisipha yokuphefumula kanye nemisipha, bese uqala ukukhubazeka, i-hydrophobia, i-spyms of larynx, ukufa kuza. Uma umuntu elunywa inja, izibonakaliso zokuqala zama-rabies zivela phakathi nesonto - unyaka owodwa (emva kokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwesikhathi sokutshala), kuye ngokuthi indawo yokulimala. Uma izimpawu zitholakala, ukufa akunakugwema. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuluma, kungcono ukuya ngqo kudokotela bese wenza uchungechunge lwemijovo ezosiza ekugwemeni imiphumela ebulalayo.
Ukugonywa kwezinja ngokumelene ne-rabies
Unyaka ngamunye ukugonywa kwezilwane ngokumelene ne-rabies kuzosiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilwane sisifo esithathelwanayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Noma yimuphi umnikazi ovela ekubukeni komthetho kufanele enze umgomo onjalo umgomo. Ngaphandle kwalo, isilwane asivunyelwe ukuthunyelwa phesheya, ukushayela emibonisweni, ukungena ezokuthutha zomphakathi. Ukugonywa akubizi (ezikhungweni zomphakathi kungenziwa mahhala) futhi kuphephile ngokuphelele, kungabangeli ukwelashwa.
Ukugonywa kokuqala kunikezwa izinkukhu ezinyangeni ezingu-3-4, njalo-njalo ngonyaka. Emva kwalokhu, inhliziyo yenja ayinhle. Ngesikhathi senqubo, inja kufanele ibe nempilo emphilampilo, iphathwe ngama-helminths angaphandle nama-parasites izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokuphathwa kabi. Izijovo zenziwa nge-monopreparations noma ezihlangene zanamuhla, ezivikela ngokushesha kuzo zonke izifo ezidakayo ze-canine.