Urolithiasis - uyini i-urolithiasis futhi isifo singelashwa kanjani?

I-urolithiasis ibonakala ngokubunjwa kwamatshe (izingqinamba) ezingxenyeni ze-urinary system. Elinye igama le-pathology yi-urolithiasis. Ngokwezibalo, lesi sifo sande kangangokuthi sithinta ngezinga elilodwa noma elinye lesihlanu umuntu omdala.

Urolithiasis - izimbangela

Ama-solid form-like formations ezintsheni, ureterter, noma isambiso kuqala ukuvela kubantu abaneminyaka engu-20-45 ubudala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi - nasebusaneni. Indlela yokwakhiwa kwazo ihluke, ngakho kunzima ukuhlukanisa noma yikuphi okukwenzayo. Ngokuvamile, izimbangela ze-urolithiasis zihlotshaniswa nokuphulwa kwezinqubo zemithi emzimbeni, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona amapheshana amaminerali amakhemikhali e-crystallizing.

Izizathu zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo yizi:

• ukufeza;
• ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi aqukethe inani elikhulu lamaminerali athile;
• umthamo wokuphuza okwanele;
• indlela yokuphila yokuhlala;
• izifo ezithathelwanayo nezokuvuvukala emkhakheni we-urinary;
• izifo ezingapheli zesistimu yokugaya ukudla;
• ukusabalala kokudla okunamandla, okunamandla, okusawoti ekudleni;
• ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwemikhiqizo ethile (amakhambi, inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi, itiye elinamandla, njll);
• ukungavamile kokuzalwa noma okutholakele kwezinso, izigqoko (izimbangela, izitsha ezengeziwe);
• izifo zesimiso se-systemic ( gout , hyperparathyroidism );
• ukuthatha imithi ethile, njll.

Urolithiasis - izinhlobo zamatshe

I-urolithiasis ingatholwa ngamatshe angashadile noma amaningi, abe nobukhulu obuhlukile - kusuka ku-1 mm kuya ku-10 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphambi kwamatshe amaningi amancane ahambayo abizwa ngokuthi isihlabathi. Ngokwefomu, amatshe e-urinary angaba flat, ahlangene, nge emaphethelweni ebukhali kanye izimpande. Indwangu ibizwa ngokuthi i-coral, uma itholakala ezinso futhi ihlala cishe yonke indawo yayo, yokwenza "isikhunta" sesistimu ye-calyx-pelvis.

Amatshe ayi-crystals ama-salt urinary, ahlanganiswe nama-protein ahlukahlukene. Eziningi zazo zinamakhemikhali ahlanganisiwe, kodwa ngokuvamile zilawulwa yizici ezithile. I-urolithiasis (urolithiasis) ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali e-concrements ihlukaniswe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo ezilandelayo:

• i-oxalate;
• i-urate;
• i-phosphate;
• isisindo.

I-Oxalate Urolithiasis

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamatshe e-urolithiasis kubalulekile ngenhloso yokwelapha okufanele. Kulezi ziguli eziningi (okungaba ngu-70%) ama-oxalate formation formations of calcium oxalate kanye ne-oxalate ammonium usawoti. Izici zabo ziphakeme kakhulu, ukuzithelela okuphansi, ubuso obunamapulangwe. Uma ushukuthela, amatshe anjalo alimaza kalula izicubu ezinamanzi zomuthi we-urinary, futhi igazi elibhekene nalo lisiza ukuba libafake embala omnyama, omnyama.

Esinye sezizathu zokwakheka kwezinguquko zalolu hlobo yi-ration yokudla lapho i-ascorbic acid, i-oxalic acid ekhona ngokwemali enkulu, kunokuntuleka kwe-magnesium ne-vitamin B6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bacasulwa ukubonakala kwezifo ezivuthayo ezinsweni, ukusebenza emaphethelweni emathunjini, ukungasebenzi kwe-endocrine.

Phosphate urolithiasis

Ukuchaza ukuthi yimaphi amatshe uma kwenzeka i-urolithiasis, izazi zithi amatshe e-phosphate ajwayelekile kakhulu, futhi ezimweni eziningi - kubesifazane. Ziqukethe i-phosphoric acid ne-calcium usawoti futhi zithobekile, zenzeke ngokunyanyisa kwe-hue elimhlophe noma elimhlophe. Amatshe anjalo angakhula masinyane, asebenze wonke umcibisholo we-renal, i.e. ukwakha izakhiwo ze-coral.

Ezimweni eziningi, izinqubo ezithathelwanayo ohlelweni lwe-urinary, okuholela ekwenzeni i-alkalinization yomchamo, kube yindawo yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa kwama-phosphates. Esinye imbangela evamile yingozi kakhulu yezinhlayiya ze-parathyroid, okuholela ekuphazanyeni kwe-phosphate metabolism. Izindlela zokudla zidlala indima, lapho kutholakala khona itiye elinamandla nekhofi elinamandla, i-vitamin A, E, D, ne-D.

I-urolithiasis eyinkimbinkimbi

Amatshe ase-Struvitic e-urolithiasis atholakala ku-15% weziguli. Lawa matshe abe nokuthungwa okuncane, angakhula masinyane. Ngokubunjwa, lezi zinhlanganisela yi-ammonium ne-magnesium phosphate, kanye ne-carbonate apatite. Isizathu esibhekene nazo ekubukeni kwabo ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-urogenital, ama-causative agents aphethwe yi-urea bacteria enzymatically. Ama-pathogens atholakala ematheni ngokwawo.

Ngokuvamile, ukubunjwa kwe-struvite concrements kunconywa ukuhamba okuphansi, ukukhipha okungaphelele kwesikhumba, kubangele ukuqhuma komchamo. Eqenjini eliyingozi - iziguli ezine-diabetes mellitus kanye nalabo abalimele endaweni ye-pelvic ne-immobilization ephoqelelwe isikhathi eside. Isici sokudla singasebenza njengezinqwaba zokudla kwamaprotheni ekudleni (ikakhulukazi inyama).

Urolithiasis e-Urartic

Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yeziguli ezine-urrolithiasis zakha amatshe omchamo - amatshe aphuzi noma aqoshiwe okwenziwe ngamatini anesakhiwo esibucayi nesakhiwo esithandekayo. Ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kukhona ama-salti we-uric acid. Lezi zakhiwo zingakwazi ukuqoqa ezinso, isambiso, amashubhu e-urinary.

Kulaba besifazane, leli fomu le-urolithiasis litholakala kancane kancane, okungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu zayo eziyinhloko - ukusetshenziswa okudliwayo kokudla okucebile ku-purines. Lezi zitho zitholakala ngobuningi emfuyweni yezilwane ezincane, ezinhlathini, ezibandayo, emagqabeni, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singakhiwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwesifo somzimba ngokunyuka okukhulu kwe-uric acid emzimbeni.

Urolithiasis - izimpawu

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-urolithiasis yizi:

• ubuhlungu besikhathi esifanayo esifundeni se-lumbar (ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinhlangothini zombili) noma endaweni ye-groin yomlingisi onzima futhi ongenalutho, odonsa;
• isifiso esiningi sokuvuthwa ;
• ubuhlungu, ukuzwa okuvuthayo lapho uchama;
• umchamo ogqamile, ukubukeka kwegazi kuwo;
• ukuvuvukala kobuso, izitho.

Ngokuvamile, ukukhubazeka isikhathi eside akuzizwanga, futhi izimpawu ze-urolithiasis ngokokuqala ngqa zingazibonakalisa ngokwenqunu ye-renal , lapho itshe lingena ngaphakathi bese lidala ukuba livule. Kulokhu, izimpawu ezilandelayo zenzeka:

• ukubukeka okubukhali kokucindezeleka okukhulu esifundeni se-lumbar;
• ukuvela kwesifiso sokuvota njalo, emva kwalokho i-anuria ingabonwa;
• ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe;
• izikhukhula;
• isicasuli;
• ukujula okubandayo;
• i-blanching, njll.

Urolithiasis - ukuxilongwa

I-urolithiasis inganqunywa yi-ultrasound yezinso, amashubhu ebhodlela kanye nesibindi. Idatha yocwaningo lwe-tomography kanye ne-radiocontrast yenza kube lula ukusetha ngokunembile ukuma, ubungako nobukhulu bamatshe, ukuphenya ukugeleza komchamo, ukucacisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuvinjelwa kwamathanga emigodi. Uma ngabe urolithiasis icatshangwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-urinalysis nokuhlolwa kwegazi kuzokusiza ukusetha uhlobo lwezinkinga zemithi nokuveza izinto ezenziwe ngamatshe.

Urolithiasis - ukwelashwa

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha iziguli ngamatshe ohlelweni lwe-urinary, kuye ngokuthi indawo yamatshe, ukubunjwa kwawo, ubukhulu, ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yesifo, izinga lokukhubazeka komzimba, njll. Ngaphezu kokususa ukubunjwa kwamathambo emzimbeni, ukulungiswa kwezifo eziveziwe zemetabolisi, okuyizinto ezibalulekile, kuyadingeka.

Ukwelashwa kwe-urolithiasis ngamatshe okulingana amancane kuvame ukwenziwa ngendlela yokwelapha ngokudla okuphoqelekile. Ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu, kunesidingo sokuhlukaniswa kwabo (lithotripsy) noma ukususwa okusheshayo. Sebenzisa lezi zindlela ezilandelayo ezingezona eziyingozi zokuchotshozwa kwamatshe:

1. I-lithotripsy esilawuliwe kude - amatshe okugaya ngokusebenzisa i-apparatus-generator yamagagasi ezishaqisayo, ahlinzekwa ngaphandle, alandelwa yi-excretion yemvelo nge-current urine.
2. I-lithotripsy yokuthintana yinkqubo eyenziwa ngokufaka i-endoscope kwisigqila, i-ureter noma i-renal pelvis, lapho amagagasi e-ultrasonic, imizwa ye-pneumatic noma imisebe ye-laser isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amatshe ngokuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo ngokufisa noma ukusebenzisa i-endoscopic loops kanye ne-forceps.

Urolithiasis - ukwelashwa (izidakamizwa)

Ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuqothuka, izidakamizwa ezingezona izifo ezivuthayo (Diclofenac, Indomethacin ) kanye ne-spasmolytics ( Ayikho i-shpa , i-Atropine, i-Nifedipine) inqunywe. I-Spasmolytics iyadingeka ukunciphisa ithoni le-musculature ye-urinary tract futhi lula ukususwa kwamatshe amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamalungiselelo amaningi we-herbal ane-antispasmodic ne-anti-inflammatory effects (Kanefron, Cystenal, Olimetin).

Imithi ye-urolithiasis, enomphumela wokuphuza ngamatshe ngokushintsha i-acidity yomchamo, ingasetshenziselwa cishe zonke izinhlobo zamatshe, ngaphandle kwe-struvite. Kulokhu, izidakamizwa ezilandelayo zinganconywa:

• nge-oxalate urolithiasis - Piroxidine, Thiamin plus i-Asparcum, i-Magnesium oxide;
• e-phosphate amatshe - i-aluminium hydroxide, i-tsiston;
• nge-urate concretions - Blemaren, Soluran, Magurlit, i-Allopurinol.

Uma i-urolithiasis ihambisana nokubunjwa kwamatshe amancane, ukwelashwa kwama-antibacterial kuboniswa, lapho imithi efana nalokhu:

• I-Cefepime;
• I-Ofloxacin;
• I-Meropenem nabanye.

Urolithiasis - ukwelashwa ngamakhambi abantu

Indlela yokuphatha urolithiasis, imithi yabantu iyazi okuningi. Kulokhu, ayikho enye indlela engakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokuvumelana nodokotela, tk. kungaba yingozi. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziselwa amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene we-herbal, uhlobo olukhethiwe kuye ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, ubukhulu kanye nendawo yamatshe. Ukwakhiwa kwemali yokwelapha kungabandakanya izitshalo zokwelapha ezilandelayo:

• ama-corn stigmas;
• izimpande ze-burdock;
• wavuka ezinqulwini;
• i-violet emithathu embala;
• izimpande ze-dandelion;
• amaqabunga amagilebhisi;
• amaqabunga ama-currant, njll.

Yidla nge-urolithiasis

Kuncike ekutheni uhlobo lwe-urinary formations futhi lwembula ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba, udokotela ubeka ukudla okunomsoco we-urolithiasis. Ngokuvamile, ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zempilo, ukudla nge-urolithiasis kunikeza:

• ukwandisa ukungenisa okunesisindo (okungenani amalitha amabili ngosuku);
• ukunciphisa ngokwezinga lezinxenye;
• ukwandisa ekudleni okucebile fiber;
• ukuvinjelwa kasawoti, izinongo;
• ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kokudla neziphuzo ngezindawo zokwakha ngamatshe (amaprotheni ezinkomo, purines, oxalic acid, njll).

Ukusebenza nge-urolithiasis

Uma kutholakala i-corneal urolithiasis noma izitshalo ezinkulu, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise ama-lithotripsy angu-percutaneous-crush ama-ultrasound, edlalwa ngokugwedla esikhumbeni nase-endoscope efakiwe. Kwezinye izimo, umuntu akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa - ngokungahambi isikhathi eside kwemithi yokwelashwa, ukuvinjelwa okungapheli komgudu wokuvuthwa, inqubo yokuvuvukala engathí sina, njll.

• i-pyelolithotomy;
• i-nephrolithotomy;
• ureterolithotomy.

Ukuvimbela urolithiasis

Kokubili ukuvimbela okuyisisekelo kanye nokwesibini kwe-urolithiasis kufaka phakathi izincomo ezilandelayo:

• umbuso wokuphuza okwanele;
• ukudla okunomsoco okunempilo okuhlukahlukene;
• ukulahla imikhuba emibi;
• umsebenzi owenziwe ngokomzimba;
• ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi okutheleleka;
• ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezokwelapha.