Ukuqala umsebenzi wezithombe, noma ukuthenga isibuko ekhaya okokuqala, kufanele wazi ukuthi ikhwalithi yezithombe ezifunayo kubalulekile ukuba ungatholi nje inqubo emihle kuphela, kodwa futhi i-lens. Indlela yokukhetha i-lens evumelana nombuzo wakho akuwona umsebenzi olula.
Idivayisi ye-lens yekhamera ecacile
Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke nombuzo wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-lens yekhamera, ake sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngalokho i-lensi yikho, ukuthi kungani kuyadingeka, futhi kungani kufanele ifakwe kuyo yonke into engathà sina ekukhethweni kwayo. Inhloso esemqoka ye-lens ukuqoqa ukukhanya, ukugxila nokuyibeka esibukweni sekhamera. Kungani sidinga ukuklanywa kobuningi be-lens, uma umuntu e-convex akwanele ukufeza lo msebenzi?
Uma ukukhanya kudlulela ku-lens, sithola inombolo enkulu ye-aberrations optical, okuzophazamisa ikhwalithi yesithombe. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kulungiswe ukukhanya okukhanya, kuningi lwamalensi angeziwe, ahlinzeke lens imingcele edingekayo - ukuvula, ubude obugxile. Inombolo yezingxenye ze-optical ingafinyelela kabili noma ngaphezulu. Amalensi wamanje ahlanganisa izindlela zokusiza ezinikeza ukugxila, ubukhali, nokulawulwa kwe-diaphragm. Icala lixhuma ukuxhuma zonke izakhi bese lenyukela ekhamera ye-SLR.
Iyiphi ilensi ekhishwayo yekhamera ye-SLR?
Ikhamera ye-mirror uhlobo lwesosha jikelele, okuyinto, ngokuqondene nezici zalo, lingakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi eminingi - ukuthungwa kwe-portrait, studio, landscape, enamandla. Kuzuzisa ukubeka i-lens ephakeme esheshayo, futhi ikhamera yakho izokwenza izithombe ezicacile ngencazelo ephezulu nokujula kwensimu, i-lens "fisheye" izokwenza kube lula ukwenza izithombe ezinhle kakhulu ze-panoramic. Okusho ukuthi, ukuze uhlanganyele kolunye uhlobo lokudubula, akudingeki ushintshe amadivaysi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi ilensi ongayenza ngezinhloso zakho.
Izinhlobo zamalensi ngamakhamera we-SLR
Kuye ngesigaba samodeli namakhono wezobuchwepheshe, kunezinhlobo zamalensi ezilandelayo zekhamera ze-SLR:
- Lens lhale . Le lens, okuzenzakalelayo inikwe ikhamera entsha ye-SLR. Iningi labathwebuli bezithombe zokuqala kanye naye baqala ukuzijwayela nezwe lokuzithombe. Kwanele izithombe ze-amateur ekhaya, kodwa angeke zisetshenziselwe ukuthwebula izithombe.
- I-lens enokugxila okugxile njalo . Lezi lens ezikhanyayo, ezinika ukujula okukhulu kwensimu futhi zisetshenziselwa ukubuka izithombe, ziyaziwa ngokuthi "i-portraits" noma "Fix".
- I-lens Macro . Ama-lens amaningi anamuhla anomsebenzi "we-macro", kodwa ukuze uthole izithombe ezincane zezinto ezincane, imininingwane ecacile iyadingeka, futhi imiphumela emihle ingatholakala kuphela ngosizo lensimbi enkulu.
- I-telephoto lens . Ngenxa yobude obukhulu, amalensi anjalo asetshenziselwa ukudubula izilwane nezinyoni zasendle, kanye nezinto ezingenakusondelana eduze. Amanye amamodeli anesithombe esiqinile sokuthi ukuthuthumela kwesandla sezithombe akuthinti isithombe esithathiwe kude kakhulu.
- I-lens enkulu-angle , eyaziwa ngokuthi i-fisheye, ikuvumela ukuba uthathe i-angle enkulu yokubukeka, okwenza kube ekahle ekutholeni amazwe, izinto zokwakha noma izinto zangaphakathi. Ngisho ngosizo lwabo ungathola isibhamu esinqabile ngokuphambene kokubuka kwangempela.
Izici zamalensi kuma-SLR amakhamera
Ngenkampani encane ejwayelekile, umbuzo wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-lens akulula. Akukwazelwanga ukuthenga amalensi amahle kakhulu e-SLR amakhamera - uma idivayisi ngokwayo isabelomali-intengo, i-lens ephezulu ekugcineni ayikwazi ukuzibonakalisa. Yini okufanele ngiyiqaphele lapho ngikhetha ilensi?
- Ubude bokugxila kungenye yezici eziyinhloko eziqaphela ukuthi ingakanani lensi esondelayo noma ivala isihloko. Kukhona nama-lensi ane Ubude obugxile obugxile, esetshenziselwa ukuzithombeni izithombe.
- Ukuvula . Le parameter inquma ukukhanya okungakanani okufanele kuhambe kumatrikhi ekhamera. Inani lokuvula lihlonishwa ubukhulu obukhulu bokuvulwa kwe-lens, okudlulisa ukukhanya ngamalensi. Ama-lens akhanyayo anika isithombe esicacile futhi esicacile, akuvumele ukuba udutshule ngomsindo omncane kanye nesivinini esincane sokuvala, okuvimbela ukufiphaza kohlaka.
- Isithombe sokuqiniswa kwesithombe . Ama-lenses amaningi anamuhla anesandla kulo msebenzi, ngakho-ke ifreyimu ayifuni ngenxa yokuthuthumela kwezandla zezithombe. Lo msebenzi ubaluleke ikakhulukazi kuma-lens anebude obukhulu bokugxila.
Ungakhetha kanjani ubude be-lens obugxile?
Ngaphambi kokukhetha i-lens yekhamera, ake sikhulume ngekhamera ngokwayo. Ipharamitha eyinhloko ye "SLR", ngokusho ukuthi siyini inqubo yobuchwepheshe noma izinga le-amateur - ubukhulu be-matrix. Ku-matrix egcwele ngobukhulu bekhamera egcwele ubukhulu bekhamera, ngobukhulu bomzimba obuncane nobuchwepheshe obuncane buyancipha, lo mzuzu ubizwa ngokuthi "isitshalo sezitshalo".
Ngaphambi kokukhetha i-lens efanele, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi i-lens ithatha isithombe esiphelele, kodwa konke kuyokwehla ku-matrix, noma ingxenye yayo kuphela kuxhomeke kubukhulu. Kuvela ukuthi ematrices wesitshalo ingxenye yesithombe inqunywe, futhi isithombe ngokwayo sanda ngaphezu kwefreyimu egcwele. Ngakho-ke, uma sikhetha i-lens portrait, singathatha ama-50 mm we-Frame Full, okungenani u-35 mm wesitshalo.
Uma ukhetha i-lens enkulu-angle, kubalulekile ukucabangela usayizi we-matrix. Ukuze uthole ikhamera ye-SLR egcwele, i -lens ultra-wide-angle lens ("inhlanzi iso") kufanele ibe nobude obugxile ku-7-8 mm kuya ku-24, i-lens ejwayelekile-ebangeni elikhulu-kusuka ku-24 kuya ku-35 mm. Uma sibhekene nesici sokukhohlisa, ibanga kufanele landa izikhathi ezingu-1.6.
Yimuphi i-lens engcono ukuyikhetha?
Sasiqonda kahle ukuthi yiziphi izilinganiso ezibonisa amalensi, kodwa kanjani ukuqonda ezihlukahlukene zabo, indlela yokukhetha i-lens yekhamera ye-SLR ngaphansi kwesicelo sakho, uma usuqala ekuqaleni kwezithombe? Masikhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngokuthi lezi zithini nezinye izilingo ziyasebenza yini.
Iyiphi i-lens yokukhetha i-photographer oqalayo?
Uma nje udinga ukujwayela ikhamera ye-SLR, imishini ephakeme kakhulu akufanele ithengwe, futhi i-lens kufanele ibe yeklasi efanelekile. Ukuze uqale, ungathatha ama-lens amabili - i-whale yokudutshulwa kwemvelo, idolobha, izenzakalo, nesithombe esingabizi. I-lens ibhajethi yesithombe sebhajethi yile lens enamandla okukhanya ka-1.8, imodeli ebiza kakhulu nge-1.4. Yikuphi okumele ukhethe kuncike emakhono akho ezezimali. Umbuzo wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-lens lens ayikho - ifika nekhamera.
Iyiphi i-lens yokukhetha ukudubula kwe-studio?
Kule studio, umuntu uvame ukudubula ngokuphakama okugcwele, futhi indawo yekamelo ayinkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi i-lens-focal focus ngeke isebenzele thina. Isisombululo esiphezulu, indlela yokukhetha i-lens yekhamera ye-SLR ku-studio, izobe ithengisa i-lens ngobude obugxile obungama-24 mm. Ngemibala ecacile nenhle, nemibala ecacile nakakhulu, kungcono ukuthenga i-L lens yobuchwepheshe, kodwa intengo yayo iyoba yinto ephawulekayo.
Yimuphi i-lens yokukhetha isithombe sendlu?
Ukudubula ekhaya, ikakhulukazi uma umndeni unabantwana abancane, kubalulekile ukuthi wenze uhlaka ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulungiswa isikhathi eside nokubuhlungu. Ngezinhloso ezinjalo, i-lens lens elula izothola - izithombe zizophila, ezimibalabala kanye nezinga eliphezulu. Uma ufuna okuningi kusuka ezithombeni, ungathenga i-lens portrait. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-lens zamakhamera we-SLR azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ngempumelelo ekhaya.
Ungakhetha kanjani i-lens yokudutshulwa kwesithombe?
Khetha i-portrait lens ayinzima, futhi kunezixazululo ezimbili. Okukhethwa kukho kuqala yikuthengwa kwe-lensi ngokulinganisa okugxilwe ku-35 mm noma 50 mm (ukhetho lwesibili luyakuthandwa kakhulu). Ngekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yezithombe, kungcono ukunaka inguqulo 1.2 yezingqikithi ze-L - izithombe zizobonakala ngokubukhali okujulile, isizinda esihle esicacile kanye nemigqa eqondile. Imodeli engabizi kakhulu - 1.4, ebuye ikuvumela ukuba ujabulele ukudweba izithombe.
Inguqulo yesibili ye-lens yokudala ama-portraits amahle yile lens ene-focal length ye-24-70 mm, okuyi-value esiphezulu enikeza ubuciko obujulile nesizinda esicacile. Ngaphezu kwalokhu lens ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo for studio ukudubula, ukungabi nalesi sinkinga kuyinto ukuphazamiseka ukudubula portraits kusuka kude.
Ungakhetha kanjani i-lens yokuhlola isifundo?
Inhlolovo yezihloko ingahluka, futhi ukucacisa okufakiwe, njengesibonelo, izitsha, kuhlukile kunokuhlobisa ukudubula. Ngezinto ezinkulu, ungasebenzisa i-lensi engenhla ngenani eligxile le-24-70, ngezinto ezincane okufanele uthathe kuphela ama-lens macro, okudweba ngokuphelele yonke imininingwane.
Iyiphi i-lens yokukhetha ukudubula kwevidiyo?
Ukubuza umbuzo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi iyiphi i-lens yokukhetha umshado, abantu abaningi bafuna "ukubulala izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa" ngesifo esisodwa bese uthatha i-lens ukudubula ividiyo. Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukungenzi lokhu, ngoba ukudubula kwevidiyo ekhamera yesibuko kungumsebenzi owengeziwe. Kuningi okushiwo yiqiniso lokuthi akukho msebenzi wevidiyo ku-phototechnics yobuchwepheshe. Uma udinga ukurekhoda ividiyo ikhamera, khetha amalensi anika ukuqina okujulile kwensimu, futhi usethe ukuvula okuphezulu kuzilungiselelo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukugxila kokugxila kuzonakalisa konke.
Yimuphi i-lens okumele uyikhethele imihlaba?
Ukudweba isimo sezwe, uvame ukufuna ukwakha ubuciko obuhle, ukugqamisa inhle kunazo zonke endaweni enhle kakhulu futhi ukwenze kube nekhono elikhanyayo. Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu nge-angle enkulu yokubukela, futhi lokhu kuveza kuphela ukunikeza i-lens enkulu-angle engakwazi ukumboza i-angle enkulu kakhulu kunezinye i-lens.
Ukuze uthole izithombe ezingavamile zobuciko, ungasebenzisa ama-lenses ama-ultra-wide-angle, enikeza ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo okubonakalayo ngokubonakalayo. Uma sikhetha i-lens ye-landscape, isigaba samanani sibaluleke ngokufanayo - uchungechunge lwe-L luzokwenza izithombe ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa intengo yayo ngeke ihambisane nayo yonke umuntu. Kodwa ngezinga elifanele lekhono kanye nefa le-photoshop, uzokwaneliseka futhi ube nemodeli efinyeleleka kakhulu.
Yisiphi i-lens evulekile yokukhetha?
Uma sikhetha i-lens enkulu-angle, sibheka amalensi ngobude obugxile obungama-24 kuya ku-40 mm. I-lens enjalo izokwenza ukudubula okungokoqobo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umbono, okubalulekile ezithombeni zamathafa, ezongaphakathi. Ama-lens angama-wide angamazinhlobo ezimbili, futhi ngamunye wabo unezinzuzo nezingozi zakhe.
- Ngesikhathi eside esibucayi. Ikhwalithi yezithombe kuyoba ngcono, ngakho intengo iphezulu. Ama-lensi anjalo anemiphumela ephawulekayo - akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa isithombe, futhi kwezinye izimo kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu.
- Ngokwebude obuseduze. Ikhwalithi yesithombe iyancishiswa kancane, kodwa nokunye okubalulekile kuyinhloko yokuletha isenzakalo sokudubula esiseduze.
Kukhona omunye umbandela obalulekile - kunezingxenyana ezinkulu-angle kanye nesichazamazwi esiqhubekayo neshintshayo. Uma inomboro eyodwa F ebhaliwe ku-lensi, khona-ke inani lokuvula lizimisele, kepha uma izinombolo ezimbili zeF - ukuvula kungalungiswa. Okunciphisa leli xabiso, ngcono izithombe zakho zizoba ngcono.