Ukuhlukanisa indlu emakhazeni kungomunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwayo noma ekukhwalweni kwenhloko. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sokushisa siphelele kangakanani, ngaphandle kokushisa kwephahla, ukushisa ekamelweni kuzosakazeka ekuthomeni kokushisa ngaphandle kwefasitela.
Yiluphi uhlobo lokusikisela okusetshenziselwa uphahla?
Umklamo oqondile wephahla uvikela emakhazeni ebusika, kanti ehlobo - kusukela ekushiseni. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuhambisana nenqubo yokufaka kuncike ekutheni izindlu zikwazi ukushisa okwanele. Ukwehlukaniswa kwekhwalithi ophahleni lendlu kufanele kukhethwe, ngokusekelwe kwezici ezilandelayo:
- Ukuphepha komlilo (uma kwenzeka umlilo, uphahla akumelwe lucwebe, ngakho-ke uma likhishwa, i-cellulose, ukhuni kanye ne-sawdust egxiliwe ayisetshenziswanga);
- Ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo (ezishisayo ngenkathi eshisayo, ukwakhiwa akufanele kukhishwe imfucuza ebulalayo yamakhemikhali amakhemikhali);
- Gqoka ukuphikiswa (uphahla kufanele ulwe neqhwa neqhwa, umphumela wamazinga aphezulu okushisa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ifomu);
- Ukuxiliswa komsindo (izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe bokugxila ophahleni zizwakala umsindo wemvula nesichotho, okuvumela ukuhlela ikamelo lokulala noma igumbi lokuphumula esiteji esiphezulu);
- Ukushisa kwamanzi emanzini (ukukhuphuka kwamanzi akufanele ukubuthelwa egumbini lokugcina amanzi futhi kubangele ukubonakala kwesikhunta nesifungi);
- Isisindo esiphezulu (ukugxila okuphezulu kwephahla kuhluke fragility, futhi lunzima - ngokwalo lunegalelo lokuwa);
- Ukuqina (le parameter incike esifundeni nasezimo zezulu).
Ukushisa kwephahla eligxotshiwe
Uhlu lwezinqubo zokukhetha i-heater ophahleni ngeke luphelele ngaphandle kokubaluleka okufana nokwakheka kophahla lwesakhiwo. Isigaba sokuqala sokuqala sihlukaniswa sibe yindawo ehlanganisiwe. Ifomu elibiziwe lingaba yindawo eyodwa , ematheni , itende kanye nemithambeka emine (ibizwa ngokuthi i-hip). Noma iyiphi ye-subspecies yayo inenzuzo enhle: ngophahla olusenyakatho ukuthungwa komswakama, ngaphandle kokulinda kuwo.
I-heater for the roof of a wooden house, eklanyelwe ngokwezihlobo zomgodi, isakazwa kabanzi ema-cottages nasezikhungweni zezwe. Okukhethwa kukho okuyinhloko "uphahla" oluphahleni: impahla efunwa ifakwe emigwaqweni, eduze kwendawo ophahleni kanye naphakathi kwezinsika zokulayisha. Indlela "ebandayo" iyanconywa, kodwa iyanqabela abaqashi ithuba lokulala egumbini lokungcebeleka: kuyadingeka ukuba ahlale engxenyeni engezansi kwephahla.
Iphethini lokukhanyisa isibhakabhaka
Isibonakaliso sokuthi ukushisa okuyigugu kudlula esiqongweni se-attic kuyinto sezulu. Ebusika obandayo ebusweni obuncane, iqhwa alihlali kulo, kodwa lincibilikisa. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukuthi umoya ovuthayo ngamadivaysi okufudumala ungena ngokukhululekile e-attic futhi uphezu uphahla. Ukufakwa kwephahla nge-heater ye-attic kulula ukwenza ngezandla zakho ngenxa yedivayisi elula yalolu hlobo lwephahla:
- I-attic idinga impahla emigqomo emibili - iqukethe isendlalelo sokuvimba nokugqoka umoya;
- Izindonga zamakamelo anjalo zimelela isikhala esisodwa ngophahla, ngakho-ke ikona ngalinye kuzodingeka lishaywe;
- Kuyo yonke indawo ye-attic okudingekayo ukusabalalisa amaphakheji amaningana emoyeni ukuvimbela umswakama odlulele.
I-Heater for roof roof
Uphahleni oluphambene nanoma yikuphi ukumboza, okungahambisani nalo phansi kwendlu akudluli amazinga angu-15. Iphahla elinjalo linesisekelo esiqinile esenziwe ngensimbi, esinika ikhono lokususa izinsimbi zokuphahla eziphahleni eziningi ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Umkhawulo wokulayisha ovumelekile wokushisa ukushisa walolu hlobo u-200 kilograms ngemitha yesikwele. Ephahleni, ngaphandle kokusekelwa kwe-alloy, lo mkhawulo ungase uhluke ngokuqondisa okuncane.
Ukugxila okuphezulu kokuphahla kwendlu
Abakhiqizi bamanje bakhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zemisindo yobukhulu obuhlukile, ukuthungwa kanye nesigaba samanani. Ukulinganisa kokuphazamisa uphahla kuhambelana nezinto, ubukhulu obungaphansi kwama-80-100 mm. Ngesimiso esivamile, ziphakanyisiwe kusukela ohlangothini olungemuva ophahleni ngokupuniza noma ukufaka amapuleti. Phakathi kwalabo abahlukanisayo abahlangabezana nale mfuneko, singabiza ngokuthi:
- ingubo yoboya;
- i-slag slag;
- i-fibre evunguza;
- i-polyurethane foam;
- i-basalt;
- ukwanda kwe-polystyrene foam;
- uboya obunamaminerali;
- ubumba obwandisiwe.
Ukugxilongwa okuphezulu kwephahla kuyobe kungenasisekelo, uma okungenani amaphutha avamile akwenziwa phakathi nokukhethwa nokusebenza kwayo. I-insulator ayithathwa njengemininingwane yokuhlobisa yezinto zangaphakathi, ngakho iningi labanikazi bazama ukulondoloza kuyo. Eqinisweni, noma yimuphi umqeqeshi uzotusa ukunaka idumela lomkhiqizi nezincomo ezinhle.
Ukufakelwa kwe-foam ophahleni
I-polyurethane foam iyatholakala ngokugcwalisa uhlobo olukhethekile lweplastiki negesi. Ukuthungwa kwalesi sihloko kuyinkampani encane egcwala i-freon futhi enezici ezinokwethenjelwa zokususa okushisayo. Itholakala engxenyeni yemikhiqizo yamafutha nemifino. Ukusikhipha okungcono kakhulu kophahleni lwe-foam kumele kube nokumelana nomswakama nokubunjwa futhi ube nokuphila komsebenzi wewaranti okungenani iminyaka engu-20. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-insulator ye-foam:
- i-soft;
- isilinganiso somphakathi;
- kanzima.
Ku-polyurethane i-foam insulation iyinzuzo yamanani aphansi. Kuthengiswa ngendlela ewuketshezi, ngakho-ke kufaka phakathi nesicelo kuzo zonke iziqhekeko, izindawo zokudla kanye ne-voids. Phakathi kwezinzuzo ze-polyurethane foam kukhona:
- Ubuso obuncane bokuphelela kwangaphakathi kwe-attic (emva kokucubungula akukho ukungafani nokuhlangana);
- Akudingi ukuqiniswa (ukuma kwe-spray nokuqhaqha okusheshayo akudingi ukusekelwa okwengeziwe);
- Ungenza ngaphandle kokuphathwa ngokulungiselela (ukupuniza kufanelekile nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokugqoka);
- Ikhono lokumelana namazinga okushisa okwedlulele (i-foam eqinile ayilahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo emazingeni okushisa kuya kuma-2200 degrees).
Basalt ukushisa ukushisa kwephahla
Umholi wokuphepha komlilo phakathi kwabashubhe ubizwa ngokuthi "uboya bamatshe" - i-basalt. I-elastic and elastic, ibuyisela kalula umumo futhi inqunywe ngomkhonto ovamile. Ukunquma ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lwe-insulation oludingekayo ukuze uphahla indlu yezwe, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi i-basalt yiyona kuphela impahla eluhlaza ukuthi amagundane namagundane akwazi ukugaya. I-Vata inzima kakhulu futhi ayikwazi ukumanzi ngaphansi kwemvula enzima. Amandla alobu buchwepheshe achazwa ngokubunjwa kwe-basalt: amafibu atholakala emadwaleni angenayo i-carcinogenic.
I-voids emkhatsini we-pores yezinto ezibonakalayo i-ventilated, eqinisekisa ukususwa kwe-steam ezingeni eliphakeme lokumswakama. Uboya obungenakuqothulwa awubhekwa njengesivinini somswakama futhi unezinga eliphakeme lokuqhaqhazela: lingenziwa lihlangene namanye ama-insulators ukuvimbela ukusakazeka komlilo emlilweni. Ukwakhiwa kwephahla okwenziwa nge-basalt kwenza noma yimiphi imithwalo, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa kokubili ama-flat and sloping models.
Ukufakelwa kwamaminerali ophahleni
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokufakelwa kwezinto ezimbiwe ngamaminerali: uboya bekotini, owenziwe ngamanzi aqhekekile noma aqhume umlilo wesithando somlilo. Lokhu ukugxila ophahleni lendlu kuyakwazi ukusinda umthelela wokuhlanzwa okunonya nokubala izinto. Ama-slabs of slag ngaphambi kokufakwa kokufakwa kwamanzi afakwe amanzi okuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi ukuze avimbele uketshezi olungenayo ukungena ngesikhathi sezulu. Ukuthengwa ngempumelelo kungacatshangwa ukuthi amashila akhiwe ngoboya bekotini ngokufakwa kwe-fiberglass.
I-polyofyrene eyandisiwe
I-Styrofoam ingcono kakhulu ekugqinisweni kwangaphandle kwezingxenye zenkinga - izingxenyana, iziketi kanye namalungu. Ukugxiliswa kwezindlu kusuka ngaphakathi kuyingozi uma benokushisa okufanayo nokukhuphuka komswakama. I-polymeri esongeziwe ngenkathi ukufakwa kwesinye isikhathi kukhishwa izinto ezinobuthi: lapho usebenza nayo, umnikazi wezindlu kufanele aqinisekise ukuqhuma okuqinile kwesiteji se-attic. Uma i-polystyrene i-Foam ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa yokusebenzisa iqala ukuphuma emathanjeni, ihlanganiswe ne-tape eqinisekisiwe kanye ne-foam ekhulayo.
Ngomsebenzi wangaphakathi, lokhu kukhishwa kufanelekile uma kuba yi-gasket ekhekhe lokuphahleni. Lena yindlela ejwayelekile yokuvikela ukuphahla ezindaweni ezibandayo kusukela ekushoneni kokushisa kwangaphakathi. Ikhekhe lezingqimba eziningana liqiniswa kwi-tile eguquguqukayo eyenziwe ngebhodi eliboshiwe, okunye okunye okusetshenziselwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-algorithm:
- uhlelo lwe-crate rafter;
- isisekelo se-flooring ezayo;
- ukuphefumula;
- ibhalansi ye-basalt;
- i-polystyrene enwetshiwe;
- isisindo se-insulator.
Ukufakwa kwephahla - imininingwana
Uboya obuncane bemishini yamaminerali buyatholakala ngokushukela nokufiphala. It has superiority over slabs of blast isithandwa slag - kungcono ukuguquguquka kwayo. Ukugxilongwa kwephahla kuphahleni kuhlanganiswe ne-antiseptic, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-biostability yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngemuva kokulungisa uboya bekotini e-attic, kufanele ulinde izinsuku ezimbalwa bese uhlola umphumela owenziwe lapho ukukhishwa kwe-slabs kuqediwe. Ngokuba ukugxiliswa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene, ungasebenzisa izinhlobo ezinjalo zokuzivikela njenge:
- i-horizontally-layered;
- okonakele;
- i-vertical-layered;
- iselula;
- indawo.