Ukukhuluphala yisifo esingapheli lapho amafutha amaningi adinga khona emzimbeni. I-WHO ibheka ukukhuluphala njengesiyaluyalu: emazweni athuthukile, cishe ama-15% wezingane nezingane ezisencane zihlushwa ukukhuluphala. Ngokwezinsana zezingane, ukukhuluphala ezinganeni kuvame ukuphumela endleleni yokuphila yanamuhla. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emzimbeni kudlula ukusetshenziswa kwayo, izidumbu ziqoqa ngendlela yama-kilogram engeziwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kokukhuluphala ezinganeni
- ukukhuluphala okuyinhloko kubangelwa ukungondleki (feedary) noma kusuka ekuzalweni (umthethosisekelo).
- ukukhuluphala kwesibili kwenzeka ngenxa yezifo ezihlukahlukene ezingapheli kanye nomlando womsebenzi ongalungile wezinhlayiya ze-endocrine.
Iziqu zokukhuluphala ezinganeni
Ukuhlolisisa ukukhuluphala ezinganeni nasebancane kuncishiswa ekubalweni kwenani lomzimba womzimba, elinqunywe ifomula ekhethekile: BMI (isisindo somzimba womzimba) = isisindo somntwana: isikwele sokuphakama ngamamitha.
Isibonelo, ingane engu-7. Ukuphakama kwe-1.20 m, isisindo esingu-40 kg. I-BMI = 40: (1.2x1.2) = 27.7
Kunezinhlobo ezine zokukhuluphala:
- I-1-degree: i-BMI idlula isimiso ngo-15-25%;
- I-2-degree: i-BMI idlulele ku-26-50%;
- I-3-degree: i-BMI idlulele ku-51-100%;
- I-4-degree: i-BMI idlula isiqalo ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-100.
Ithebula lesisindo sesisindo somzimba nokuphakama kwabafana namantombazane
Isimiso sesisindo ezinganeni kuze kube unyaka sinqunywe ngendlela yokulinganisa kwesisindo esinqunyiwe: ngomnyaka wesigamu umntwana ngokuvamile uphindaphinda isisindo sakhe, nangosuku ahamba ngayo. Ukuqala kokukhuluphala ezinganeni kuze kube unyaka kungacatshangwa ngokweqile kwesisindo somzimba ngaphezu kuka-15%.
Izimbangela zokukhuluphala ezinganeni
- Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokukhuluphala ngokweqile ukungondleki kanye nendlela yokuphila yokuhlala.
- Ukukhuluphala kwamantombazane kungumphumela wesingeniso esingalungile sokudla okuhambisanayo nokuqhathanisa namaqhinga ebisi.
- Ukwanda ngokweqile kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzalwa kwamahomoni wegciwane.
- Isizathu sokukhuluphala ezinganeni nasebancane i-iodine eyanele emzimbeni.
- Uma bobabili abazali behlushwa ukukhuluphala, ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi sifo enganeni ingama-80%, uma ukukhuluphala kukhona kuphela kumama, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwedlula ngokweqile - 50%, ngesisindo esiningi ngokweqile, u-38%.
Ukwelashwa kokukhuluphala ezinganeni
Ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokukhuluphala nokuvela kwayo, ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca nokudla. Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwalesi sifo kuxhomeke ekukhethweni okufanele kwezindlela abazali nabazali okufanele balandele ngokukholwa okuhle isikhathi eside.
Ukudla kwengane ngokukhuluphala
Ukudla kwabantwana abakhulu kakhulu kufanele kukhethwe ngabanye. Ngokujwayelekile, ukudla okuxubile khaloriki kunqunywe. Lapha kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukuntula okukhulu kwama-kilojoule kunomthelela omubi ekwenzeni umzimba, ngakho-ke ukudla kufanele kube namakhilomitha angu-250-600 kuphela ngezansi kwansuku zonke.
Ukudla okunomsoco kwabantwana abane-1 no-2 degrees yokukhuluphala kufaka phakathi okuqukethwe kwe-caloric yokudla ngenxa yamafutha wesilwane nama-carbohydrate ahlanzekile. Ukudla okuqinile nokubala okunembile kokudla kwansuku zonke kunconywa izingane nezingane ezinama-3-4 degrees of ukukhuluphala. Zonke izinhlobo ze-confectionery, ufulawa, i-pasta, iziphuzo ezimnandi (kubandakanya i-carbonated), izithelo ezivuthiwe namajikijolo (amagilebhisi, ubhanana, omisiwe) akhishwa ngokuphelele ekudleni nasezilimini zivinjelwe
Umsebenzi womzimba wabantwana abakhulu kakhulu.
Umsebenzi wokuzibandakanya uhlanganisa imfundo engokwenyama, imidlalo yezemidlalo, imidlalo yangaphandle. Ukuze ingane ibonise isithakazelo endleleni yokuphila esebenzayo, abazali kufanele babe nesithakazelo ezinganeni ngokwezibonelo zabo, ngoba akuyona into yokuthi ukuhlakanipha kwabantu kusho ukuthi ingane ifunda lokho akubona ekhaya lakhe.
Njengengxabano, kanye nokuvimbela ukukhuluphala ezinganeni, ungafaka ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke emisebenzini yakho yansuku zonke, okuzokwenza ngcono impilo yakho, futhi kusize ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zesisindo esiningi.