Isiqiniseko esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu sokukhulelwa singase sibe esibhedlela, sinikeze igazi ekuhloleni i-laboratory, kodwa abesifazane abaningi bafuna ukukwenza ekhaya. Ukuhlola okhethekile kwakhiwe ukuzitholela ukukhulelwa. Ziyakhathalela i-gonadotropin ye-chorionic (i-hormone efihlwe yi-placenta yesikhathi esizayo) emcinini.
Yiziphi izivivinyo zokukhulelwa?
Umgomo wokusebenza kuwo wonke amadivaysi achazwe ngokufanayo, kodwa izinga lokuzwela nokufaneleka kwemiphumela kuhlukile. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa zizoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi:
- umdwebo;
- BB;
- Inkjet;
- electronic.
Amathrekhi wokuhlola okukhulelwa
Lena indlela engabizi kakhulu, elula futhi ephuthumayo yokuthola ukuthi ngabe ukukhulelwa kwenzeka. Ukufakwa kwezimpahla ezinjalo kuneziqeshana zamaphepha noma ezimbili ezifakwe enecala elikhethekile elibhekene ne-chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG ). Isivivinyo ngasinye esiphuthumayo sokukhulelwa kumele sibhapathizwe esitsheni esine-urine esanda kuqoqwa imizuzwana embalwa (5-15). Isikhathi sokuhlaziya siyimaminithi angu-3-5. Ngokuhambisana nalezi zinzuzo, amadivaysi athunyelwe abuye anakekele:
- Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ivame ukuphutha. Zithinteka yizici eziningi ezingaphandle - isikhathi sokuqoqa umchamo, iphutha ekusetshenzisweni komhluku, ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza esitshalweni, nokuningi. Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela yamanga ibonakala ekuphenduleni imithi noma ukungalingani kwe-endocrine.
- Ukuzwela okuphansi. I-version ehlinzekwayo yedivaysi iphendula kuphela ekugxileni okuphezulu kwehomoni ye-placenta - kusuka ku-25mMe. Uma ukuhlolwa okuchazwe kwenziwa ngosuku lokuqala lokubambezeleka, ukwethembeka kwalo akudluli 85-95%.
- Ukungalungi. Owesifazane kufanele aqoqe umchamo nje ekuseni endaweni ehlanzekile noma oyinyumba.
BB-ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa
Loluhlobo lwezesekeli luyatholakala futhi ngendlela yamapheshana wephepha anikeziwe ngama-reagents, kodwa anezici eziningana ezihlukile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kuthinta kuphela i-gonadotropin ye-chorionic futhi ayikhathazi kwamanye ama-hormone, ngakho ngeke kubonise imiphumela yamanga ngokulandelana kwezinkinga ze-endocrine. Ama-BB-amathrekhi afundisa kabanzi, aveza ukukhulelwa futhi ezindaweni eziphansi ze-hCG - kusuka ku-10 mM. Ungasebenzisa nokuhlola lokhu kokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokulibaziseka, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuhlonza okuhlongozwayo.
Izinkinga zedivayisi:
- intengo ephezulu ngokuqhathanisa nezifanekiso ezilula;
- ubukhulu noma ukungabonakali kwemichilo ephumela;
- ukuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuqoqwa komchamo wasekuseni ezitsha eziyinyumba.
Ukuhlolwa kwethebulethi kusatholakala emakethe. Zibiza kakhulu kunezingxenye zephepha, kodwa zifana ngokuphelele. Umehluko kuphela ukukhona komzimba weplastiki kanye ne-pipette kule kit. Esivivinyweni kunesidingo esifanayo esinomzwelo we-10-25mM, akudingeki ukuba ugijime emcintini. I-fluid yezinto eziphilayo kufanele ifakwe efasiteleni elikhethekile ngokusebenzisa i-pipette bese ulinda umphumela. Kunengqondo ukuthenga lawa madivaysi ukukwazisa ngomlingani ngomklomelo mayelana nokukhulelwa noma ukulondoloza ithebhulethi ngenkumbulo yomzuzu othakazelisayo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-injection yokukhulelwa
Izesekeli zesizukulwane sesithathu zibhekwa njengento elula, ngokushesha futhi enembile. Izivivinyo ezichazwe zenziwa ngezinto ezifayiliwe nama-tubulus, okuyinto ngokushesha ithatha umchamo. Amadivayisi anjalo akudingeki afakwe emanzini ephilayo, ukuphela kokuthola kufakwa ngaphansi kwejethi. Lokhu kuhlolwa okuthembekile kakhulu kokukhulelwa - emva kokukhulelwa kuthatha ngokushesha, ngisho nokuhlushwa okungenani kwe-hCG (cishe i-10 mM), ukufaneleka kwemiphumela kufinyelela ku-99.9%. Ukuphumula okuwukuphela kwendleko ephezulu yalesi sesekeli.
Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kwe-elevishini
Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-digital siye sabathinta nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa. Isivivinyo sesimanje sokukhulelwa sinomshini we-electronic ukufunda ulwazi mayelana nokuqukethwe kwe-griadotropin ye-chorionic emcintini, nesiboniso esincane esibonisa impendulo ngesimo esithi "+" kanye "-" "noma" okhulelwe "futhi" akakhulelwe ".
Isimiso sokusebenza nokuthenjelwa kwamadivayisi acatshangwayo kufana ngokuphelele nama-analog jet. Lona ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okufundisayo kakhulu - ekuqaleni, cishe amaphesenti angu-100 akhombisa imiphumela efanele. Umehluko okuwukuphela kwendlela ezitholakala ngayo. Ekubonisweni kwe-elekthronikhi impendulo ibonakala ngokucacile futhi ingacacile, lo wesifazane akanakho ukungabaza ngenxa yezingqimba ezingacacile, eziphaphathekile noma ezihlangene.
Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa - okungcono?
Uma uhlola izindlela ezichazwe, kubalulekile ukugxila hhayi kalula ekusebenziseni nasezindleko, kodwa futhi ekuzweleni nasekuthembekeni kwemiphumela. Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okungcono kakhulu okusiza ekunqumeni ukukhulelwa ngisho naseziqaleni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kombungu futhi kaningi kangako kubonisa izimpendulo zamanga. Ngezansi uzothola imiyalelo eningiliziwe yokukhetha amadivayisi ombuzo.
Kuyini ukuzwela kokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa?
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa emzimbeni wesifazane, izakhiwo ezidingekayo ekuthwaleni okuvamile kwengane ziqala ukwakha, enye yazo yi- placenta . Ama-tissue akhe enza i-hormone - i-chorionic gonadotropin, inani laso landa. Ukuba khona kweHCG kubhalisa noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa. Ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwala madivayisi kuncike kuma-reagents asetshenziswe emaphethini wephepha noma fiber.
Njengoba ephakeme ukuxilongwa kwe-hormone, kulula ukuyibeka emcinini, lokhu akudingi ama-reagents azwelayo futhi ayabizayo. Ekukhiqizeni izivivinyo ezishibhile kakhulu ngendlela yamapheshana wephepha, ama-reagents anjalo asetshenziswa. Banikeza imiphumela enokwethenjelwa kuphela kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hCG (kusuka ku-25 mMES), ngakho-ke abakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukucabanga emakhasini okuqala futhi ngokuvamile banikeza izimpendulo zamanga.
Ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokukhulelwa kubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwama-reagents aphakeme kakhulu. Amakhemikhali ahlanganiswa nokuzwela okukhulu kwe-gonadotropin ye-chorionic inikeza ukutholakala kwehomoni ezindaweni ezincane - kusuka ku-10 mMe. Lokhu kusiza ekunqumeni ngokuqondile ukukhulelwa ngenyanga yokuqala yokuthuthukiswa komntwana futhi ngaphambi kokubambezeleka komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini.
Isilinganiso sokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa
Abakhi bezimpahla ezibuzwayo bavame ukukhiqiza izinhlobo eziningi zamadivaysi (amaqoqo, amaphilisi, inkjet nabanye). Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa - amamaki afanele ukunakwa:
- I-FrauTest;
- EviTest;
- Clearblue;
- Innotech (BB Test);
- Yiba nesibindi;
- Ukuhlolwa kwamaLadies;
- Yazi Manje;
- Bona;
- Ukuqiniseka;
- Impendulo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlola ukukhulelwa?
Ukuthembeka kwamadivaysi athunyelwe akuxhomeke kuphela kwikhwalithi ye-reagents, kodwa futhi nokufaneleka kokusebenzisa kwabo. Isikhathi esincane, lapho uhlolo luzobonisa ukukhulelwa, luyizinsuku ezingu-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqala komjikelezo. Ukuqukethwe okunjalo kolwazi kunikezwa izesekeli ezibizayo ezinama-reagents azwelayo kakhulu, kepha ngisho nakulezi zimo impendulo yamanga ayifakiwe.
Ngaki emingaki emva kokukhulelwa kuyohlolwa ukukhulelwa?
I-gonadotropin yama-Chorionic iqala ukukhiqizwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwe, kodwa ukuhlushwa kwayo ngenyanga yokuqala kuncane kangangokuthi kunzima ukunquma nokuhlaziywa kwegazi. Isivivinyo sokukhulelwa esibucayi kakhulu singathola i-hCG emcintini ngesilinganiso okungenani okungama-10mMe. Akubona bonke abesifazane abanalo i-hormone ekhishwe ngemali ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke imiphumela yokuqala ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengokwethenjelwa. Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okuhle kunembile uma kwenziwa izinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokubambezeleka . Isikhathi esihle kakhulu izinsuku ezingu-8-14.
Ingabe kufanele ngikwenze ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ekuseni?
Isikhathi socwaningo lwasekhaya esihlongozwayo sincike kuhlobo lwedivayisi kanye nama-reagents asetshenziswe kuwo. Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni, uma kusetshenziswe amaphepha (kufaka phakathi uhlobo lweBB) namaphilisi. Lezi zesekeli zihlanganiswe nama-reagents ngokuzwela okuphansi, futhi ukuhlushwa kwe-gonadotropin kwehla phakathi nosuku, kufinyelela emazingeni amancane kusihlwa.
Ukusebenzisa amadivaysi ejet kugwema ukuphazamiseka okunjalo. Zingasetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku, ngoba ukuzwela kwamakhemikhali okusetshenziselwa izicubu ezisetshenziselwa izicubu ezinamafutha kuyinto 10 mM. Ukuhlolwa kwe-digital (electronic) kokukhulelwa kufana nokuyiqiniso. Ibonisa imiphumela enembile ntambama nakusihlwa. Into eyinhloko ukuthi umchamo kufanele ube njengentsha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ingabe ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kungalungile?
Ayikho yalezi zinhlobo zamadivayisi ayiqinisekisi 100% ngokunemba, esiphezulu 99-99.9%. Ukuqothula kokubili ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kungabonisa imiphumela emibi. Izimbangela ezingenzeka:
- ukuba khona emzimbeni wezicubu ezimbi noma ama-cysts akhiqiza i-hCG;
- ukukhipha isisu kwangaphambili, ukukhipha isisu noma ukunamathiswa kwe-ectopic yeqanda lesisu ;
- isitoreji esingalungile noma ukusetshenziswa kwesivivinyo;
- ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-hormonal, ngokuyinhloko ukwelashwa kokungazalwa;
- izinsiza ezingekho emthethweni (amaphutha okukhiqiza).
Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa - ukwehluleka kwe-streak
Ukungaqiniseki kuyinkinga ejwayelekile, ngenxa yokuthi kufanele uhlaziye ngokuphindaphindiwe noma uye emtholampilo ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Uhlu olubuthakathaka ekuvivinyweni kokukhulelwa kungenxa yezizathu ezifanayo njengokuphendula okungamanga kwamanga. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kuboniswa izimo ezingalungile zokugcina (umswakama ophezulu, ukushisa kwelanga). Kulula ukuqaphela nokuhlolwa kokukhulelwa kokulibaziseka - iziqephu ezimbili zizoba nomthunzi ompunga noma obala kakhulu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ayikho impendulo yamakhemikhali emkhatsini we-urine kanye ne-reagent, ukungabi naso komzimba.
Ukukhulelwa nokuhlolwa okungalungile
Imiphumela emihle emibi iyenzeka kaningi, noma ngabe ukuhlaziywa akukwenziwa ngosuku lokuqala. Ukuhlolwa okungaqondile kokukhulelwa kunezizathu ezilandelayo:
- i-ectopic okunamathiselwe kwe-fetus;
- usongo lokukhulelwa kwesisu ;
- ukukhulelwa okubandayo;
- isikhathi esifushane emva kokukhulelwa;
- izinso ezingenasifo noma isifo senhliziyo esisodwa kumama ozayo;
- ukuhlolwa okuphansi noma okuphephile;
- ukuthatha imithi eveza umphumela wokudonshulwa;
- ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwedivayisi;
- ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ze-hormonal;
- ukukhiqizwa okuphansi kwe-gonadotropin ye-chorionic ngezizathu zomzimba noma ze-congenital.