Namanje emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule isihloko sokugonywa kwabantwana akukhulunywanga ngaso. Bonke abazali bayazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ukugoma kunesidingo ekuthuthukiseni impilo kanye nentuthuko evamile. Kuze kube manje, isimo sishintshile kakhulu. Kwakukhona ibutho lonke labasekeli benqaba ukugoma. Abazali abaningi banqabe ukwenza izingane zabo zigonywe njalo, bechaza lokhu okuyingxenye ephezulu yezinkinga emva kokugoma. Ngakho kufanele ingane igonywe? Nansi eminye yemibuzo evame kakhulu ephakama kumama omncane nabababa abahlangabezane nale nkinga. Ake sizame ukuqonda lo mbuzo.
Ziyini izigciwane zokuvimbela izingane? Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba kube nezifo eziningi ezithintekayo kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Yonke isifo esaziwayo sesifo, isikhukhumba, ikholera yachitha imizi yonke. Abantu kuwo wonke umlando wabo bebefuna izindlela zokubhekana nalezi zifo. Ngenhlanhla, manje lezi zifo ezimbi kakhulu azikho.
Esikhathini sethu, imithi ithole indlela yokulwa ne-diphtheria ne-poliomyelitis. Lezi zifo cishe zanyamalala ngemuva kokwethulwa kwegciwane lokugunyazwa kwezingane. Ngeshwa, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izifo zesifo ezinalezi zifo zibuye zaqala. Odokotela bahlanganisa leli qiniso ngokufuduka kwamaqembu amakhulu abantu, kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-90. Esinye isizathu esisemthethweni ukuthi izingane eziningi azigonyelwe ngenxa yokuphikisana okuhlukile.
Yimiphi imishanguzo eyenziwa yizingane?
Kukhona ikhalenda yezinsana zokugoma, ngokusho ukuthi yikuphi ukugoma okwenziwa. Inoculations ezivela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zikhiqizwa kuphela eminyakeni ethile. Ngokwemvelo, zonke izinconywana zezingane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu ngokuvumelana nonyaka wengane abanikezwa ngayo: ukungenwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ukungenwa kwezingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa, ukugoma emva konyaka:
1. Izitofu zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukugoma kokuqala komntwana osanda kutholwa yi-BCG yokugoma nokugonywa kwe-hepatitis B. Le migomo inikezwa izingane ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila.
2. Izitofu zezingane kuze kube unyaka. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ingane ithola inani elikhulu lokugoma empilweni yakhe. Ezinyangeni ezintathu, izingane zigonywe ngokumelene ne-poliomyelitis ne-DTP. Ukwedlula ikhalenda ye-inoculation kuze kube yonyaka ibhalwe nsuku zonke. Izingane zigonywe ngokumelene nenkukhu, isishukela, izimpungushe, ukutheleleka kwe-haemophilus futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe kusuka ku-hepatitis B. Cishe konke ukugonywa kwabantwana kudinga ukuvuselelwa emva kwesikhashana ukuthuthukisa ingculazi enganeni.
Imishanguzo ye-Kaledar yabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-1 ubudala
| Ukwelashwa / Ubudala | Usuku olungu-1 | Izinsuku ezingu-3-7 | Inyanga eyodwa | Izinyanga ezintathu | Izinyanga ezingu-4 | Izinyanga ezingu-5 | Izinyanga ezingu-6 | Izinyanga ezingu-12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-hepatitis B | Isilinganiso sokuqala | Isilinganiso sesibili | Isilinganiso sesithathu | |||||
| Isifo sofuba (BCG) | Isilinganiso sokuqala | |||||||
| I-Diphtheria, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela, i-tetanus (i-DTP) | Isilinganiso sokuqala | Isilinganiso sesibili | Isilinganiso sesithathu | |||||
| I-Poliomyelitis (i-OPV) | Isilinganiso sokuqala | Isilinganiso sesibili | Isilinganiso sesithathu | |||||
| Ukutheleleka kwe-Hemophilus (Hib) | Isilinganiso sokuqala | Isilinganiso sesibili | Isilinganiso sesithathu | |||||
| Ama-measles, i-rubella, i-parotitis (CCP) | Isilinganiso sokuqala |
3. Ngonyaka umntwana unikezwa inoculation yesine ngokumelene nesifo sofuba B, i-inoculation ngokumelene nerubella kanye nezimvu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukugoma ngokumelene ne-ingulube ne-revaccination kwezinye izifo kufanele kulandelwe. Ngokwe-schedule of vaccinations for the children, ukuphindaphinda kwe-DTP nokuphindaphinda ngokumelene ne-poliomyelitis kwenziwa eneminyaka eyi-18.
I-Kaledar izingane ezigonywe emva konyaka owodwa
| Ukwelashwa / Ubudala | Izinyanga ezingu-18 | Uneminyaka engu-6 | Uneminyaka engu-7 | Uneminyaka engu-14 ubudala | Uneminyaka engu-15 ubudala | Uneminyaka engu-18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isifo sofuba (BCG) | revaccin. | revaccin. | ||||
| I-Diphtheria, ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela, i-tetanus (i-DTP) | Revaccin wokuqala. | |||||
| I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus (i-ADP) | revaccin. | revaccin. | ||||
| I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus (i-ADS-M) | revaccin. | |||||
| I-Poliomyelitis (i-OPV) | Revaccin wokuqala. | Revaccin wesibili. | Revaccin yesithathu. | |||
| Ukutheleleka kwe-Hemophilus (Hib) | Revaccin wokuqala. | |||||
| Ama-measles, i-rubella, i-parotitis (CCP) | Isilinganiso sesibili | |||||
| Amagundane we-Epidemic | Abafana kuphela | |||||
| I-Rubella | Isilinganiso sesibili | Amantombazane kuphela |
Ngeshwa, imithi ngayinye esetshenzisiwe njengamanje inemiphumela emibi futhi ingabangela izinkinga. Umzimba wengane uphendula njalo ku-inoculation. Ukusabela kuvamile futhi kwendawo. Ukusabela kwendawo kungukunciphisa noma ukubomvu esakhiweni sokuphatha umgomo. Ukusabela okujwayelekile kuhambisane nokwanda kwezinga lokushisa, ukukhanda ikhanda, i-malaise. Isidakamizwa esiqine kakhulu se-reactogenic yi-DTP. Ngemuva kwalo, kukhona ukwephulwa kwesifiso, ukulala, umkhuhlane omkhulu.
Iphesenti eliphakeme kakhulu lezingane ngemuva kokugoma kunenkinga yokubhekana nokucindezeleka okunjengezifo ezinzima, ukuvuvukala, ukuqhuma, nokuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa.
Njengoba kunikezwe imiphumela engafanele yokugonywa kwabantwana, akumangazi ukuthi abazali abaningi bayabenqaba. Noma kunjalo, ukuthola impendulo yombuzo othi "Ingabe imishanguzo iyadingeka kubantwana?", Wonke umzali kufanele yena ngokwakhe. Labo bobabili nabababa abasazi ukuthi banamagciwane kumele baqonde ukuthi bathatha imithwalo yemfanelo yengane yengane yabo.
Uma ungabakhulumi bemigomo, khumbula ukuthi ngaphambi kokugoma ngamunye, kufanele uthole iseluleko kudokotela wezingane. Ingane yakho kufanele ibe nempilo enhle, ngaphandle kwalokho ingozi yemiphumela emibi ngemva kokugoma. Ungagomela ingane emitholampilo ngayinye yesifunda. Qinisekisa ukubuza ukuthi yisiphi umuthi wokugoma osetshenziswe ku-polyclinic. Ungathembi izidakamizwa ezingaziwa! Futhi uma ngemuva kokugoma ingane yakho inezinkinga, ngokushesha buza udokotela.