UPeter mina wayengumkhohlisi owaba futhi eboshiwe i-tsar yangempela yaseRashiya. Kungenxa yalesi siphetho kwafika abacwaningi biography of the umbusi.
Umlando wanoma yiliphi izwe liyazi okungenani izimbalwa ezimbalwa nabamele amanga wezinkampani ezibusayo. Amaqhinga afanayo okufaka esikhundleni sabameli bezinhlanga ezibusayo noma ukufihlwa kweqiniso lokufa kwabo ayezuzisa "amakhadikhadi abomvu" - ngemuva kwe-scenes abadlali bezombusazwe, ababenethonya elikhulu kubaphathi noma bephupha ukuwuthola. Emlandweni waseRussia yaseTsarist, indawo ecacile kakhulu ye-tsar yizimpumputhe zikaPetru I, owawubusa ngokuphumelelayo izwe iminyaka eminingi. Kusuka kolwazi lomlando akulula ukwenza uhlu lobufakazi obuqondile bokufaka endaweni enjalo.
1. Ukubuya kweMenshikov
Ngo-1697 kuya ku-1698, uPetru wahola umsebenzi wezombusazwe okuthiwa i-Great Embassy, wasuka eRussia waya eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kanye naye abayizicukuthwane ezingama-20 kanye nabantu abangu-35 abahlanganyele kulo, u-Alexander Menshikov kuphela owahlala ephila. Bonke abanye babulawa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingacacile, okwakushiwo uPetru engakhulume nabalingana nabafundisi kuze kube sekupheleni kosuku. Bonke laba bantu babengazi kahle i-tsar futhi baqinisekise ukuthi omunye umuntu ubuyele eRussia esikhundleni sakhe.
2. Izinguquko ezimangalisayo phakathi nohambo
Abasekeli benkosi abafile bayoba nzima ukukholisa ukuthi umkhohlisi nombusi wabo wangaphambili bangumuntu oyedwa. Njengombukiso wenguqulo yokufaka endaweni, ungaqhathanisa izithombe ezimbili ezenziwe ngaphambi kokuhamba kukaPetru I futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyela ezweni lakubo. Washiya leli zwe njengendoda eyayibheke iminyaka engu-25-26 ubudala, enebheyili ngaphansi kweso sayo sesobunxele nesobunxele. UPetru mina ngangikhule ngaphezu kwebala elilinganiselwe nelincane.
Ohambweni naye, inguquko engaqondakali eyenzekayo: ukukhula kwakhe "welule" kumamitha angu-4 ngamasentimitha angu-4, ulahlekelwe isisindo futhi "washintsha" isimo sombuso. Indoda esesithombeni, owayengekho ekhaya iminyaka engangonyaka kuphela, okungenani iminyaka engu-40 ebonakala. Ngemva kokufika kwakhe, abaningi bezinye izizwe baqala ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile:
"Nkosi yethu!"
3. Ukwenqaba umndeni kanye nempi nodade
Yiqiniso, labo ababengena esikhundleni sikaPetru I babevinjelwe izihlobo zakhe, ezazikwazi ukubona umkhohlisi emhlanganweni wokuqala. Udadewabo we-tsar, uSophia Alekseevna, waba nokuhlangenwe nakho kokubusa izwe futhi ngokushesha wabona ukuthi iYurophu yayithumele umfowabo esikhundleni sayo ukuze ibe nethonya ezweni elinjalo elikhulu. USophia wahola ukuhlubuka kukaStreltsy, ngoba phakathi kwabantu abafana nabantu abanesimo sengqondo ababenesikhathi sokukhuluma nomuntu ongumdlali we-tsar futhi baqiniseke ukuthi akafani noPeter I. Ukuhlubuka kwaqedwa, uMnuz Sophia wathunyelwa esiteshini sezindela, nakulowo nalowo muntu ozimisele ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile mayelana inkosi engamanga, ijeziswe ngokomzimba futhi iboshwe.
UPetru nomkakhe omusha benza kabi lokho enza sengathi wayekho. U-Evdokia Lopukhina kungenzeka ukuthi nguye kuphela umuntu uThuar owethemba ngaye. Ngesikhathi se-Embassy Great, cishe nsuku zonke wayehambelana naye, kodwa ukukhulumisana kwaphela. Esikhundleni somyeni onothando, u-Yevdokia wabona umkhohlisi onobudlova okwathi ngemva kokufika kwakhe wamthumelela endlini yezindela futhi akazange anikeze noma yiziphi izicelo zakhe eziningi zokudalula izizathu zesenzo esinjalo. UPetru angizange ngilalele ngisho nabafundisi, ababengenethonya elinamandla kuye futhi bekungavunyelwe ukuboshwa e-Evdokia.
4. Inkumbulo embi yobuso
U-Sophia Sophia kanye nabapheki bomnsalo akubona kuphela abaye baqashelwa yinkosi ebuyela ekhaya. Akakwazanga ukukhumbula ubuso bezinye izihlobo nabafundisi, ahlale ehlangene ngamagama futhi akakhumbuli imininingwane eyodwa "yokuphila kwangaphambilini". Abangane bakhe baseLefort noGordon, bese kuthi abanye abaningana abanethonya, abaphikelela ukufuna ukuxhumana ne-tsar, babulawa ngaphansi kwezimo ezingajwayelekile ngemuva kokufika kwabo. Kubuye kube nesifiso sokuthi i-Tsar "ikhohlwe" ngemuva kokufika mayelana nomtapo welabhulali ka-Ivan the Terrible, nakuba izixhumanisi zendawo yazo zihanjiswe ngokuqondile kwi-Tsar kuya eSharat.
5. Isiboshwa emasikini ensimbi
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuhamba kukaPeter I waseYurophu, isiboshwa sibonakala etilongweni laseBastille, ogama lakhe langempela laziwa kuphela ngeNkosi Louis XIV. Abaphathi babibiza ngokuthi uMichael, okubhekisela egameni lesiRashiya likaPeter Mikhailov, okuyinto inkosi eyayizicabangela lapho efuna ukuhlala engaqondakali. "Iron Mask" wabizwa phakathi kwabantu, nakuba imaski, okuyinto ayezolahlwa ukugqoka kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, yayiyi-velvet. U-Voltaire wabhala ukuthi uyayazi ukuthi ngubani loboshwa, kodwa "njengomuntu ongumFulentshi wangempela," kumele ahlale ethule. Ukubukeka nokubunjwa kwesithunjwa kwakufanelekile ukubonakala kukaPetru I ngaphambi kokuya eYurophu. Nakhu ongayithola kumarekhodi omphathi wejele mayelana nalesi siboshwa esingavamile:
"Wayesimude, esenesizotha, wayala ukuba amphathe njengendoda enobuhle."
Futhi yilokho konke. Ushonile ngo-1703, ngemuva kokubhujiswa komzimba, igumbi lalisetshenziswe kahle, futhi yonke imikhakha yokuphila kwakhe yabhujiswa.
6. Ukuguqula ukushintsha kwesitayela sezingubo
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, i-Tsar yathanda izingubo zakudala zesiRashiya. Wayegqoka ama-caftans aseRussia ngisho nangesikhathi esishisa kakhulu, eyaziqhenya ngokuvela kwakhe futhi ngazo zonke izindlela engakugcizelela. I-latinite yabuyela eRussia ivela eYurophu, iyenqabela ukuba adutshele izingubo zaseRussia, futhi angabe esaphinde agqoke izingubo zobukhosi zendabuko, naphezu kokukholelwa kwamakhanda nabavuma. Kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe, uPetru wayegqoke izingubo zaseYurophu kuphela.
7. Inzondo yonke into Russian
Ngingalindelekile, uPetru angizange ngizonde izingubo zokugqoka zaseRussia, kodwa konke okwakuhlobene nezwe lakubo. Waqala ukukhuluma kabi futhi aqonde isiRussia, okwakungabangela ukudideka phakathi kwama-boyars ezeluleko nasezindlini zomhlaba. I-Tsar ithi ngonyaka wonyaka wokuphila kwakhe eYurophu ukhohlwa ukuthi angabhala kanjani ngesiRashiya, wanquma ukushiya ukugcinwa kwezikhalazo naphezu kokuzinikela kwangaphambili futhi akakwazanga ukukhumbula noma yini mayelana nazo zonke izazi ezafundiswa njengommeleli waseRussia. Kodwa wathola amakhono omdwebi olula, ocatshangwa ngisho nokucasula ku-tsar.
8. Ukugula okumangalisayo
Udokotela wenkosi wayengakholwanga amehlo akhe lapho, ngemuva kokubuya ohambweni olude, umbusi waqala ukuhlaselwa ngokuvame ukuhlaselwa komkhuhlane ongapheli. Wayengayithola, ehamba olwandle oluseningizimu, okuyinto uPetru angizange ngiyibone. I-embassy enkulu yahamba ngasendleleni yasenyakatho yasenyakatho, ngakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakungekho.
9. Uhlelo olusha lokulwa
Uma ngaphambili inkosi ihlela izinhlelo zokulwa nezinyawo namahhashi, iYurophu yashintsha indlela yakhe yokulwa nempi. Engakaze ibone izimpi zasolwandle, uPetru wabonisa isipiliyoni esihle kakhulu sokulwa kwamanzi emanzini, okwamangaza wonke ulwazi lwezempi. Amakhono akhe okulwa, ngokusho kolwazi olulotshiwe, abe nezinto ongazithola ngokulwa nemikhumbi iminyaka eminingi. KuPetru wangaphambili mina kwakungenakwenzeka ngokomzimba: ubuntwana bakhe nentsha yadlula emhlabeni, okwakungenakho ukufinyelela olwandle.
10. Ukufa kwe-Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich
U-Tsarevich u-Alexei Petrovich, indodana endala kaPeter no-Evdokia Lopukhina, wayeka ukuthakazelisa umbusi wamanga lapho kuvela indodana yakhe siqu. I-New Peter I yaqala ukuphoqelela u-Alexei ukuba athathe i-tonsure, ebonisa ukunganeliseki iqiniso elilodwa lokuba enkantolo - indodana, lapho engakaze ibe nayo umphefumulo. U-Alexei Petrovich wabaleka ePoland, lapho ayehlela khona ukuya eBastille (kusobala ukuthi, ukuze akhiphe uyise wangempela) ezindabeni ezithile zomuntu siqu. Abasekeli bamanga-uPetru bamthola emgwaqeni futhi bathembisa ukuthi lapho ebuya uzobamba isihlalo sobukhosi ngokusekela kwabo. Ngemva kokufika eRussia, i-Tsarevich yahlaziywa imibuzo nguPeter I futhi yabulawa.