Umzimba womuntu ufundiswa kanye naphesheya, kepha nokho kukhona indawo engazange ihlolwe, yimuphi umuntu ongacacisa futhi acabange. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka abantu bazibuza: yini umphefumulo? Uma ingabonakali, ingabe kusho ukuthi ayikho nhlobo?
Uyini umphefumulo futhi kuphi?
Kusukela ekuhanjisweni kwenkolo, lo mqondo uqondwa ngokuthi "into" emuntwini owela emzimbeni ekuqaleni kokuphila kanye namaqabunga ngokuqala kokufa. Iyini umphefumulo womuntu ngomqondo ovamile? Lokhu kuyisimo somuntu, imicabango, izithombe nemibono, izici zobuntu. Kodwa indawo lapho kubonakala khona ukungabonakali, abantu abahlukene bachaza ngokuhlukile:
- EBabiloni, indawo yakhe ezindlebeni zakhe yayisuswa.
- AmaJuda asendulo ayecabanga ukuthi othwala yigazi.
- Ama-Eskimos akholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo ukhona ku-vertebra yomlomo wesibeletho, njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Kodwa umbono ovame kakhulu: uhlala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezihilelekile ekuphefumuleni. Lesi sifo, isisu, ikhanda.
Iyini umphefumulo osuka ekuboneni kwesayensi?
Akusaziwa ukuthi umphefumulo uqukethe, ukuthi kunzima kangakanani nokuthi yingxenye yomzimba etholakala kuwo. Noma kunjalo, imizamo yenziwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze igwebe iqiniso. Ngo-1915, udokotela waseMelika, uMac Dugall, walinganisa isisindo somuntu ngaphambili futhi ngemva kokufa. Ukushintshashintsha kwaba ngamagremu angu-22 kuphela - lesi sisindo sasikelwe "umphefumulo". Izivivinyo ezifanayo zenziwa ngabanye odokotela, kodwa idatha ayiqinisekisiwe. Okuyinto eyodwa: ngesikhathi sokuhamba ukuya kwelinye izwe ngisho nangesikhathi sokulala, umzimba womuntu uba lula. Abacwaningi bezwe eliseduze nokufa bahamba ngokungahambi kahle nokuqhuma kwamandla okungaqondakali.
Uyini umphefumulo ekuziphatheni kwengqondo?
Igama elithi "psychology" lingashintshwa ngokuthi "isayensi yomphefumulo." Nakuba lo mqondo ungabonakali, awunawo amafomu noma ubufakazi, ngoba ukucabanga kwengqondo kudlala indima ebalulekile futhi kuyisifundo esiyinhloko sokutadisha. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka izazi zemfundiso yenkolo namafilosofi ziye zazama ukuphendula umbuzo othi "Iyini umphefumulo womuntu?". Omunye wabasunguli be-psychology, u-Aristotle, wenqabe umqondo wawo njengento ethile, kodwa wakubona ngesikhathi sokuphumula kusuka kwendaba. Wabiza umsebenzi oyinhloko we-essence ukugcwaliseka kokukhona kwezinto eziphilayo zenyama. Esinye isazi sefilosofi esidumile, uPlato, sisho ukuqala kwemiphefumulo emithathu:
- ophansi, ongenangqondo, uxhuma umuntu nezilwane nezitshalo;
- okunengqondo - ukuphikisa izifiso zowokuqala, ukubusa phezu kwalo;
- "Intukuthelo" yinto umuntu alwa ngayo umhlaba wonke, izifiso zakhe.
Iyini umphefumulo womuntu e-Orthodoxy?
Isonto kuphela aliphakamisi umbuzo: ingabe kukhona umphefumulo . ImiBhalo Engcwele ibiza ngokuthi enye yezinto ezimbili zomuntu ngamunye ngokuhambisana nomzimba. Iyini umphefumulo o-Orthodoxy? Lokhu kuyisisekelo sokuphila, isisekelo esingenakonakala, isimiso esingenakunyakaziswa esenziwe iNkosi. Umzimba ungabulawa, kodwa umphefumulo - cha. Ayibonakali ngokwemvelo, kodwa inikwe isizathu, futhi ingqondo ingeyakho.
Umphefumulo ongenalutho - lokhu kusho ukuthini?
Abantu bayahamba kuleli zwe, balinganiswa kusuka phezulu. Amakholwa akholelwa ukuthi umqondo onjengomphefumulo emva kokufa ushiya umzimba futhi uqhubeke uhambo oluya kwelinye izwe. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi isisekelo asizukuphumula, uma izindaba zomuntu emhlabeni zingapheli. Umphefumulo ongenalutho usho ukuthini? Kuhlanganiswe endaweni, abantu, imicimbi, abakwazi ukuyeka umzimba nomhlaba wokuphila. Ngokusho izinkolelo, ukuzibulala, ukubulawa ngokudabukisayo noma labo "izihlobo" abangavumeli ukuhamba ngeke bakwazi ukuthola ukuthula. Kubonakala sengathi bahlala phakathi kwamanye amazwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi baphila ngendlela yezimpumputhe.
Umoya nomphefumulo - yini umehluko?
Isinyathelo esivela ekuqaphelisweni kuya empeleni ngumphefumulo, okusiza ukujwayela umhlaba. Umuntu "Mina" uchazwa kuleli zwe ngomoya, ubuntu. Kusukela ekucabangeni kwefilosofi, la maqondana akwazi ukuhlukaniswa komunye nomunye, futhi zombili zisemzimbeni, kodwa ziyahlukahluka. Futhi umbuzo uhlala: yini umoya nomphefumulo?
- Umphefumulo ungumqondo ongabonakali wobuntu, injini yokuphila komuntu. Kuye, wonke uhambo lokuphila luqala kusukela ekukhulelwe ngokwayo. Uncike endaweni yemizwa nezifiso.
- Umoya yizinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke lalokho okuholela kuNkulunkulu. Ngenxa yomoya, abantu baphuma ezweni lesilwane, bahamba ngesinyathelo esiphakeme. Umoya ulwazi, ulwazi lwentando, nolwazi, futhi lwakhiwa ebuntwaneni.
Umphefumulo uyabuhlungu - yini okufanele uyenze?
Ake sibone izwe elingaphakathi elingenakwenzeka, kodwa ungazizwa, ikakhulukazi uzwela . Lokhu kwenzeka uma umuntu ehlangabezana nemizwelo enamandla emibi, isibonelo, ihlupheka ngemva kokufa kwesigaba esiseduze noma esindayo. Abantu abazange babone ukuthi kufanele benzeni uma umphefumulo uzwisa ubuhlungu kusukela othandweni noma usizi. Ayikho imithi yokwehlisa ukuthula (okungafani nobuhlungu bomzimba). Isikhathi sokuphela singumphilisa onokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Izihlobo zokusekela zizokusiza ukuba ubhekane nobunzima. Bayosiza ngesikhathi esifanele, banikeze iseluleko, baphazamise emicabangweni edabukisayo.
Ubufakazi bokuthi kukhona umphefumulo
Abangaboniyo banganikeli impendulo engavamile embuzweni: uyini umphefumulo, ngoba awubonakali, ulinganiselwe futhi uthinteke. Noma kunjalo, kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi umphefumulo ukhona, futhi awukho owodwa. Bonke babo bangabasezindaweni ezahlukene zokuphila.
- Ubufakazi bezomlando nezenkolo ukuthi umqondo wesiqalo esingokomoya uhlanganiswe kuzo zonke izinkolo zezwe.
- Kusukela ekubukeni kwezinto eziphilayo, umphefumulo ukhona, ngoba ungalinganiswa. Lokhu futhi wazama ukwenza ososayensi abaningi emhlabeni wonke.
- Njengokwenza izinto eziphilayo, umphefumulo womuntu uzibonakalisa futhi isifinyezo saso i-aura engabonakali, enqunywa amadivayisi akhethekile.
- Ubufakazi Behterov emcabangweni wokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo nokuguqula amandla. Lapho umuntu efa, lowo ophethe umcabango uhlala ephila.
Umphefumulo wenzani emva kokufa?
Akukho ukuvumelana ngokuhamba kwenkampani engokomoya emva kokufa. Yonke ulwazi ngalokhu lichazwe yiBhayibheli. Lapho izinqubo zokuphila ziphela futhi ubuchopho buyeka ukusebenza, umcabango ushiya umzimba. Kodwa lokhu akunakulinganiswa futhi kungathathwa kalula. Ngokusho kweBhayibheli, umphefumulo emva kokufa udlula ngezigaba eziningana zokuhlanzwa:
- ngosuku lwesithathu isidumbu sethemba sifa;
- ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye - i-astral ilahlekile;
- izidumbu zengqondo nezizimele zishiya umuntu ngosuku lwamashumi amane, futhi umphefumulo uhlanzwa.
Uma ukholelwa emibhalweni yasendulo, isimo sangokomoya sizalwa kabusha futhi sithola umzimba omusha. Kodwa iBhayibheli lithi emva kokufa umuntu (okungukuthi, umphefumulo) uya ezulwini noma esihogweni. Ubufakazi balokhu - ubufakazi babantu ababesinda ekufeni kliniki. Bonke bakhuluma ngendawo engavamile lapho bahlala khona. Kwabanye, bekukhanya futhi kukhanya (izulu), kwabanye - buhlungu, buhlungu, bugcwele izithombe ezingathandeki (isihogo). Ngenkathi i- afterlife iqhubeka iyingxenye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu zesintu.
Kunezindaba eziningi ezithakazelisayo mayelana nokukhululwa komphefumulo emzimbeni - ngesikhathi sokulala hhayi kuphela. Ngisho nemikhuba ekhethekile esetshenzisiwe, ngosizo lombhalo we-astral ungahlukaniswa nomzimba futhi uhlehlise ohambweni ngendabuko ephathekayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi bonke abantu ngaphandle kokuhlukile bangakwazi izinto ezingaphezu kwendalo, kodwa bengakacwananga isayensi yokuphila nokufa.