Ama-vampires yizidalwa ezifanekisela ukukhanga kwesintu "i-eros ne-toatos" (ngqo ngokusho kukaFreud): izidalwa ezikhangayo zobulili eziletha injabulo nokufa. Isifiso sobulili nokufa selokhu sihlala sisithakazelo futhi sithole indlela yokuphuma emihlanganweni yeminyango eyimfihlo. Ngakho umdali we-vampire odumile emhlabeni wonke, uBram Stoker, wayengelungu lenhlangano eyimfihlo ye-Golden Dawn. Ayikho into ekhethekile ngaleso sikhathi: imilingo, ulwazi oluyimfihlakalo, i-alchemy, amatshe efilosofi kanye nezinye izinto eziseduze-zesayensi, kuhlanganise nokucwaninga kwamampires. Intshisekelo yekhulu lama-XXI ekuzileni kwegazi ngokocansi futhi ayanyamalala. Ubufakazi bungumkhumbi ongapheli wezivakashi eziya enqabeni yaseDracula.
I-bloodsucker i-vampire noma isisulu sephutha jikelele?
Uphi inqaba yaseCount Dracula, ngisho nezingane ezincane kunazo zonke ziyazi. Yiqiniso, eTransylvania. Ngokwemfundiso, kule ndawo yaseRomania kufanele sibheke imihlangano nge-vampires engavamile.
Indlu yeCount Dracula eRomania ibizwa ngokuthi i-Bran. Ngendlela, i-Dracula ayilona igama elenziwe iBram, kodwa igama lesidlaliso lomlando nguVlad Tepes, obhekwa njengomfanekiso we-protagonist (kusuka ku-Bram ngokwakhe). Kuphela ku-vampirism leli gama lesidlaliso alihlangene nakho. Ekuhumusheni, igama elithi "dracula" lisho "indodana yidrako". Ubaba kaVlad wayeyilungu elihle elisha le-Dragon, wayegqoke ibheji le-oda ngomfanekiso wesidalwa esingengqungquthela, izinhlamvu zemali ezishicilelwe ngomfanekiso wakhe futhi zifanekisela nodrako ezindongeni zamasonto. Kwakungenxa yothando lwakhe olukhethekile lomndeni wesiganeli ukuthi uyise kaVlad wathola isiteketiso esithi "Dragon". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi esingokomlando akekho obizwa ngamagama, okwalolu hlobo lwalubonakaliswa ngokukhulunywa ngegama likababa noma igama lomhlaba wakubo: UDon Quixote waseLa Mancha, d'Artagnan (ovela endaweni ka-Artagnan), uVlad Dracula-Vlad, indodana ye-Dragon.
Nakuba ngomqondo wangempela wegama elithi Vlad kwakungesona i-vampire, kodwa, ngokwemininingwane ethile yomlando, ukulangazelela kwakhe ukuchitha igazi kungase kufike naseDracula. Isiqubulo sakhe sesibili - i-Tsepesh, - isikhulu esitholwe ngothando olukhethekile lokubulawa ngokufika kwesigxobo. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane eziningi, indlu kaTepes yayizungezwe yi-palisade, lapho usuku nosuku kungathokozi khona into entsha.
Izazi-mlando zibheka kuyadingeka ukuphazamisa ubukhulu balezi zindaba. Idokhumenti yomlando kuphela ka-1463, lapho imibhalo yamuva ibhekisela kuyo, cishe yayiyi-falsification. Okokuqala, izindaba eziningi mayelana ne-Tsepesh zegazi zazizuzisa. INkosi yaseHungary yayinesithakazelo ezindabeni, okuzokwenyusa amalungu esihlalo sobukhosi sepapa futhi isikhathi eside sibaphazamise kwezinye izinto ezikhathazayo (iHungary yanikezwa inani elikhulu ngenhlangano yeMpi Yenkolo, inani lalisetshenziselwa ukuphelelwa umgomo omkhulu futhi inkosi yayesaba ukuthukuthela nje kukaPapa). I-Turkey iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokuvela komuntu ongaziwa, uVlad wenqaba ukukhokhisa. Ngama-boyars, wahola umzabalazo oqhubekayo wokugxila kwamandla. Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, uVlad wabonakala engumguquleli wangempela, ovame ukuvusa isiphepho sentukuthelo: wahlomisa abalimi ngokumelene nabahlaseli baseTurkey, wabaphatha kabi ngesihluku nanoma yiziphi izigebengu, ngisho namasela amancane. Bathi ngesikhathi sokubusa kweTepes, ungayifaka ngokuphepha imali emgwaqweni, futhi ngemva kwesonto uzithola endaweni efanayo.
Okwesibili, ukungabaza kolwazi kubuye kube khona nokuthi imibhalo yaseVlad yangaphambi kokuhlukumeza ayitholakalanga. Wonke amarekhodi omlando wegazi lakhe emithonjeni yakhe yayisekelwe kulokho ukulahlwa okungaziwa okungaziwa, okuphindaphindiwe ngo-63 eJalimane.
I-Castle killer noma i-fortress evikelayo?
Ukuvakasha ku-Castle of Count Dracula kusongela izivakashi enye ukudumazeka. Abavakatjhi angeke baphephe izifiso zezokuvakasha ukujoyina okuyimfihlakalo, futhi bayokutshela ukuthi le nqabayo ayihlangene noVlad Dracula Tzepes. Isikhulu lapha asizange siphile. Bathi, kubonakala sengathi, uma umile lapha. Noma kwakukhona lapha emgodini ogcinwe yiTurkey. Ngokuvamile, ukucabanga okuhlukahluka, futhi amaqiniso aqhubeka ethula. Noma kunjalo, ukugeleza kwezivakashi akubuthakathaka.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufunda amaqiniso, isimo samakamelo eDracula Castle eRomania siyohlale sihlotshaniswa nama-vampires. Akuyona indawo enqabeni yokuhlonipha yaseHungary, ngisho nasendlovukazi yaseRomania (akekho ozoyibheka njengevampire, akunjalo?) Ngeke ukwazi ukushukumisa isithakazelo sezokuvakasha. Kubonakala sengathi iChungechunge legatsha laseRomania eTransylvania liye laba iDracula's Castle kuze kube phakade. Kodwa-ke, umkhathi wamakamelo unomthelela kulokhu: umuthi onenhlama omnyama, imilenze ephothiwe kahle enhle engakwazi ukusiza ukukhulula ukuzwela kwe-Gothic solemnity; Ukuntuleka kokuhlobisa cishe ezindongeni ezimhlophe; izinkuni ezimnyama eziphansi kanye nezikhumba zezilwane zasendle. Amakamelo athakazelisayo ikakhulukazi abuka ebusuku. "Angiyifunanga injabulo nokuzijabulisa, angikhangwanga ngotshani elangeni elikhanyayo, lapho abantu abasha bathanda khona iqembu. Angisemncane, futhi inhliziyo yami, emva kweminyaka eminingi edabukisayo, ukudumala kanye nezinkumbulo zabafileyo, ayikwazi ukujabula. Ngithanda ukuthula, ubumnyama nokuzola, ngidinga ngezinye izikhathi ngihlale ngedwa nemicabango yami "(Dracula, Bram Stoker).
Noma kunjalo, zonke lezi zinhlangano zizoba yizithombe kuphela: UNkosana uDracula akazange ahlale kuGatsha. Inqaba yakhiwa izakhamuzi zendawo futhi kwasekuqaleni yaba yindawo enqaba yokuvikela.
Kungani iBatsha laziwa ngokuthi iNqaba yeDracula?
Encwadini yakhe, uBram Stoker, esebenzisa izindebe zikaProfesa Van Helsing, utshela umlawuli odumile uVlad III Tepes waseTransylvania. Ngokwemvelo, abathandi abakhethekile bemfundiso yamanga ngokushesha babona kudingekile ukuvakashela iTransylvania. Ngokusho komlando, izivakashi eziningana ezavakashela uMagatsha "ezinyathelweni zeveli" zabona inqaba futhi zathi: "Yebo lena yindonga efanayo iDracula evela encwadini!". Awekho amaqiniso omlando asize ekuqinisekiseni izivakashi eziphambene nalokho. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Bran Castle iye yaziwa kuphela njenge-Castle of Dracula. I-Transylvania eRomania iye yahlotshaniswa nokubusa okunomthelela we-Vlad Tepes, futhi emva kokushicilelwa kwendabuko, iBram Stoker yaziwa ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala yeVampire Dracula.