- Ikheli: Vatican City, Cortile del Belvedere
- Ifoni: +3960669879411
- Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni: www.vaticanlibrary.va
Ukukhanga okuyinhloko kweVatican yi-Apostolic Library yaseVatican, umtapo ocebile kakhulu olawula iMibhalo Yama-Middle and Renaissance. UPapa - uNicholas V wasungula umtapo wolwazi ngekhulu le-XV. Amaqoqo elabhulali agcwaliswa njalo, futhi namuhla izincwadi ezingaphezu kwesigidi nesigamu, izincwadi ezingamakhulu eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu, izinhlamvu ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili namakhulu amathathu, izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwekhulu eziyikhulu, izinhlamvu zemali eziyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu nezindondo. I-Vatican Apostolic Library inesikole sokuqeqeshwa komtapo wesayensi, i-laboratory lapho amakhophi eqoqo avuselelwa khona.
Ukuguqulwa kwelabhulali kwathuthukiswa kanjani?
Ukuqoqa imiboniso yomtapo wezincwadi owaqala ngekhulu le-IV. Lo mcimbi uhlotshaniswa negama likaPapa iDamaseku I. Okokuqala imibhalo yayigcinwe ku-archive, futhi kuphela ngekhulu le-VI umtholampilo wokuqala oqokwe. Ezikhathini Ephakathi iVatican Apostolic Library yayiphangiwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngakho-ke imibhalo eminingi yayilahlekile.
Umsunguli welabhulali yaseVatican ekhona manje kubhekwa njengoPapa uNicholas V. Abaphambili bakhe baqoqa futhi bagcina imisebenzi eyigugu, kodwa kwakunguPapa uNicholas V owandise kakhulu imali yezincwadi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwakhe. Umbukiso wamathalabhu watholakala kumphakathi jikelele ngo-1475, futhi kwabalwa amakhophi ayizinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye. Ukujwayela amadokhumenti kwakungavunyelwe kuphela endaweni ngaphansi kokuqondiswa okude komtapo wolwazi.
Ngaphansi kwePapa Leo X, iMtapo YaseVatican yazuza imibhalo eminingi yesandla, ngoba yayicabanga ukuthi igcwalisa futhi ikhulise ukuqoqwa njengomsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko. Ngomhla ka-1527, umtapo wezincwadi wawuphindiwe, wonakaliswa, futhi amadokhumenti amaningi abhujiswa. UPapa uSixtus V wanquma ukuhambisa umtapo wolwazi endaweni entsha. Umklami waseDomenico Fontana wakha isakhiwo lapho i-Vatican Apostolic Library yafakwa kamuva. Kwakukhulu kakhulu kunezikhathi zangaphambili kanye namabhabhinethi aqala ukusetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwembukiso.
Emva kwekhulu le-XVII, isiko sabonakala samukela ukuqoqwa kwabantu ngabanye kanye nabantu basebukhosini njengesipho. I-Vatican Apostolic Library Foundation yaphinde yagcwaliswa ngenxa yemibhalo yesandla eyabiwe phakathi nempi kwamanye amazwe. Kulokhu, kufanele kukhulunywa ngeNdlovukazi yaseSweden u-Christina, owunika umtapo izincwadi eziningi ezithakazelisayo eziqoqwe yena noyise emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII, uClement XI waqhubekela phambili ngokuya eSiriya naseGibhithe, ukuze acebise futhi agcwalise amaqoqo elayibrari. Kutholakale izibambiso ezingaphezu kuka-150 ezihlobisa iqoqo leMtapo WaseVatican.
Ukuhlasela kwamabutho kaNapoleon kwaba esinye isinyathelo emuva ekuthuthukiseni umtapo wezincwadi, ngoba amakhophi amaningi eqoqo lawo athathwa futhi athathwa ngaphandle kwezwe. Kamuva, iningi lebibi libuyiselwe eVatican.
Unyaka we-1855 waba obala eMtatsheni weVatican, ngoba ukuqoqwa kweqoqo kwakuhlanganisa izincwadi zikaCount Chikonyar nemibhalo yesandla yeKardinal May, eyayibalwa cishe ngo-1 500.
Into ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komtapo wezincwadi kwakungukhetho likaPapa Leo XIII, umguquleli omkhulu. Nguye owavula amakamelo okufunda futhi wenza izincwadi ezitholakalayo ezitholakala. Wasungula i-laboratory yokubuyisela, imithetho eyakhelwe ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlu zemibhalo yesandla, ezisasebenza namuhla. UPapa Leo XIII wanda kakhulu inani lemiboniso yeVatican Apostolic Library eVatican.
Imisebenzi ebizwa ngokuthi iLabhulali yaseVatican ukuthi ikwazi ukuqaphela:
- ukugcina amanani amasiko anikezelwe wona;
- gcwalisa iqoqo nazo zonke izinhlobo zembukiso;
- ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwesayensi
- buyekeza izindlela zobuchwepheshe;
- ukushintshanisa isipiliyoni nabo osebenza nabo emazweni ahlukene.
Sifika uhambo ngokusebenzisa amahholo omtapo wolwazi
I-Vatican Apostolic Library iyinkulu futhi ilula ihlukaniswe yaba amahholo. Ngo-1611 kwavela ihholo, ebizwa ngokuthi ihholo lomshado lase-Aldobrandini. Iqukethe i-fresco efanayo, ebonisa umshado ka-Alexander Omkhulu noRoxanne. Futhi ehholo kugcinwa ezinye iziqhingi zasendulo, eziphathelene ne-IV BC. e. Kulondolozwe ihholo le-papyrus "i-Ravensky papyri" Futhi ehholo kuboniswe amakhodi egolide ngezici ezivela empilweni yabantu baleso sikhathi.
Ngo-1690 i-Alexander Hall yavulwa. Frescos ehlobisa izindonga zendlu, akhuluma ngokuphila nokufa kukaPapa Pius. Mayelana nokuphila kanye nepontificate kaPapa uPaul V utshela amahholo amabili afanayo. Inqolobane yoMtapo wePalatine igalari ye-Urban VIII. Futhi eduze kwamafasitela aleli kamelo ungabona izinsimbi zezinkanyezi.
Ihholo, eligcina indawo yamaKristu okuqala, lavulwa ngo-1756. Okutholakele kwe-Etruscans yasendulo neyabaseRoma kuyatholakala eMyuziyamu Wezithombe ZaseVatican Apostolic Library. Le ndawo, eyayineziqukathi nezitsha, ibizwa ngokuthi iPius V. Chapel. Le miboniso iyamangalisa kakhulu, iningi lenziwe ngamatshe ayigugu. Igalari kaClement ihlotshiswe ngamafrescoes ngu-Angelis womculi, ekhombisa izigcawu ezivela ekuphileni kukaPius VII.
Ihholo lokugcina imibhalo nemibhalo ibizwa ngokuthi iSistine salon. Ehholo yiziqhingi ezicebile kakhulu ezibonisa imilayezo yasendulo. Izithombe zisezelwa ngamasignesha.
Ababusi bavame ukuhlonishwa futhi babhalwe ngenhlonipho yabo yokubonga. UPapa Pius IX wanikezwa udumo olunjalo, elinye lamahholo e-Apostolic Library yaseVatican labizwa ngokuthi udumo lwakhe. Ngaphambilini, kuleli hholo, kwakugcinwe ukukhazimuliswa ekuhlonipheni kwakhe, futhi manje kukhona amakhombandlela ephakathi.
Ngaphandle kokuqoqwa kwezincwadi, imibhalo yesandla, imiqulu nezinye izinto, iVatican Apostolic Library iyimali yesigqebhezana semali nemali.
Ukubusa
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuphatha ilabhulali yaseVatican. Namuhla inhloko yomtapo wezincwadi i-cardinal-librarian. Umsizi wakhe oyinhloko uyiphini (ikakhulukazi uhlanganyela ezindabeni zobuchwepheshe, ezingavamile zesayensi). Kukhona iphini likamengameli, kanye nabaphathi beqoqo namahholo, kanye nomthwalo wemali yengcebo kanye nobhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kweVatican Apostolic Library, umkhandlu uhlelwe, obhekene nokuqondisa umkhadineli-umtapo wolwazi kanye nomfelandawonye.
Ungavakashela kanjani?
I-Vatican Apostolic Library ivuliwe kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuJulayi. Ngo-Agasti, akunakwenzeka ukuya emtatsheni wezincwadi, kusukela kule nyanga iholide kubo bonke abasebenzi. I-Apostolic Library ivulekile ukuvakashelwa ezinsukwini ezivela ku-8.45 kuya ku-17: 15, ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto izinsuku zivuliwe.
Akuwona wonke umuntu ongaya emtatsheni welabhulali. Ngaphandle kobunzima, ososayensi kuphela nabafundi abaphothule izifundo bangangena, kepha abafundi abavunyelwe ukungena. Izivakashi ziyisigaba esihlukile, ngakho-ke, uma ukhokhele i-tour ye-euro engu-16, uzothola kwenye yezindawo ezimangalisayo kakhulu emhlabeni. I-nuance ebalulekile uma uvakashela umtapo wolwazi ukubonakala. Izambatho zakho akufanele zikwazi ukubamba, ukungahloniphi, ukuvuleka. Abahlukumezi bekhodi yokugqoka abakwazi ukungena egumbini lelabhulali.
Ukuze ufike e-Vatican Apostolic Library, udinga ukukhetha indlela yokuhamba elula:
- I-Metro: udinga ukuhamba ngesitimela kwenye yeziteshi ezisezingeni A. Indawo okuyo kuyo yi-Stopi Vaticani stop.
- Amabhasi anenombolo: 32, 49, 81, 492, 982, 990 izokuyisa e-Apostolic Library yeVatican.
- Inombolo ye-Tram 19 nayo ihamba ngendlela efanele.
I-Vatican ihlasela umcabango ngokuba khona kwezikhumbuzo eziningi zokwakha kanye namasiko endaweni encane. Lumuzi onamasiko awo, amasiko namaholide . Uma unethuba lokuvakashela le ndawo emangalisayo, ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokuvakashela enye yezinto ezikhangayo ezinkulu zeVatican - i-Apostolic Library.
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