- Ikheli: Indian Creek, Belize;
- Yakhiwa: kusukela ngekhulu lesi-5 kuya kwele-8 AD;
- Amahora okusebenza: nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-8: 00 kuya ku-17: 00.
EBelize, kukhona isikhumbuzo esibalulekile sokuvubukulwa esivela emiphakathini eyayiyingqayizivele yaseMeya - iNim-Li-Punit. It is esifundeni Toledo, 40 km enyakatho yedolobha Punta Gorda. Igama elivela esilimini samaMaya lihunyushwe ngokuthi "inqwaba enkulu". Lokhu kungenxa yesinye sezithombe zekhanda lokukhanda kwenye ye-stelae. Lezi zenzakalo ezingavamile zomlando zifunwa yizivakashi ezivela emazweni amaningi.
I-Nim-Li-Punit - incazelo
Idolobha lakhula ngesikhathi sokuqala kusukela ekhulwini lesihlanu kuya kwelesishiyagalombili, lesi sikhathi kuthiwa yi-classic. Abantu baseNim-Li-Puni babengabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingu-5-7. Kuze kube manje, izakhiwo ezimbalwa kuphela ezishiye edolobheni, ezihlangene ezigcawini ezintathu. Ukuphakama kwepiramidi ephakeme kakhulu yi-12.2 m. Kulezi zindawo, ososayensi bathola i-stelae enezithombe zabaphathi, ezinye zazo zazingakaqedi.
Umuzi watholakala ngo-March 1976, lapho kusetshenzwa khona isikhathi sokuthungatha. Ucwaningo lwezinto zakudala luqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku, ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo, kwakungenzeka ukuthola amakhosi angcwaba. Kusukela ukutholakala kososayensi kwahlangana kuphela ngama-hieroglyphs, kanye neziqephu zabo. Noma kunjalo, kwakungenzeka ukufakazela ukuthi iNim-Li-Punit yayiyinhloko-dolobha yombuso wakwaWakam. Ukuhamba kwakhe kwafika esikhathini sokugcina, kusukela ngo-721 ukuya ku-830.
Okutholakele okwenziwa ngabavubukuli manje kuzokwenza kube lula ukucabanga ngokucacile ngomlando wombuso. Kulezi zakhiwo ezikhona, "Inombolo 7" ivela ngaphandle, okusho, ngokwesazi ososayensi, kwakuyinkosi yasebukhosini. Kwakukhona ukuthi ukutholakala kwethuneni kusukela ku-400 BC kwatholakala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwakukhona izitsha eziningi ze-ceramic, ezingahlobene nesiko lamaMaya, kodwa zivela edolobheni elikhulu eliseduze laseTeotihuacan, elisendaweni yaseCentral Mexico.
Eqhubeka nokumba, abavubukuli bathola ithuna lesibili lesikhathi esilandelayo. Kwakukhona imihlobiso ye-jade esetjenziswa amaMaya nge-bloodlettings yamasiko. Ezinye zazo zinemibhalo ebhalwe phansi, ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi bakwazi ukufunda okwengeziwe ngokuphila kwamakhosi omphakathi owake wanyamalala.
Ulwazi oluwusizo lwabavakashi
Ukuze uzibonele ngamabhomu amadolobha edolobha laseNim-Li-Punita, umuntu kufanele akhuphukele phezulu kwentaba yemvelo. Khuphuka phezulu kwegquma ukuba uhambe nomgwaqo ongcolile, ozungezwe izihlahla ezide ezinamahlombe e-chondovymi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukubona nokuthatha isithombe se-Square Stela, okutholakala kuzo izindawo ezingu-26 zokuvubukula. Izinto ezine ezinhle kunazo zonke zibekwe eceleni kwesikhungo sovakashi. Ikhalenda lezinkanyezi lenziwa eStella Square. Uma ufinyelela egqumeni elisentshonalanga lesigcawu, amatshe amathathu aphezu kwegquma elisempumalanga ayobonisa ekuseni ekupheleni kwezinsuku ze-equinox ne-solstice. Enye ye-stelae ifinyelela ku-11 m ubude, kanti enye iboniswa umbusi waseNdiya ngenkathi ejwayelekile.
Kodwa isithakazelo esikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwezivakashi sivela lapho sivakashela ingxenye eseningizimu yedolobha lasendulo. Nazi amathuna asebukhosini, kuwo abavubukuli bathole izidumbu zabantu, imihlobiso, izitsha zobumba neminikelo.
Iziqondiso zomsebenzi zisho ngokuningiliziwe ngedolobha lasendulo, umlando walo nokuthi izakhamuzi zashiya kanjani cishe ngo-800 BC. Izivakashi eziphakathi zikwazi ukushayela imoto kanye nemoto - ukupaka lapha kuyatholakala. Izisekelo kanye nempahla yokuthola izinto ezitholakale ngesikhathi sokuthungwa kuboniswa ezindaweni ezimbili ezinkulu. Lapha, izivakashi zingafunda ngemikhuba, amasiko amaMaya.
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwawo okuvubukulwa, iNim-Li-Punit idonsela abavakashi ngebuhle bezindawo. Ngosuku olucacile, leli gquma linikeza umbono oqhakazile oLwandle lwaseCaribbean. Izihlahla ezihlotshiswe kahle ezinamagatsha akhulayo zenza indawo ibe yinto enhle yepikinikini. Izivakashi zihlinzekwa ukuhamba ngezindlela ezintathu ezihlukene: empumalanga, eningizimu nasentshonalanga. Umzila ngamunye udlula izakhi ezithakazelisayo, amahle amahle.
Ungafika kanjani?
I-Nym-Li-Punit itholakala ngamakhilomitha angu-5 enyakatho yomzila waseNingizimu, ohlala njalo ugijimelwa amabhasi avela emadolobheni aseduze. Ukuqondiswa kwabahambi kuyizindawo zaseNdiya naseGold Creek, idolobha lasendulo liseduze nabo.