I-Aquarium primer iyinqubo ebalulekile yokuzikhethela nokulungiselela

Umhlabathi we-Aquarium ubizwa ngokuthi yingxenye yendalo, okudingekayo ukuba uhlale noma iyiphi inhlanzi. Isetshenziselwa ukwakha ukubukeka komzimba ogcwele amanzi ekhaya: njengengxenye ye-equilibrium yezinto eziphilayo, akubaluleke kakhulu kunamanzi noma ukudla. Enhlabathini ehlukahlukene, enikezwe ezitolo, kunzima ukulahlekelwa kumthengi ngaphandle kokuthola ulwazi.

Udinga inhlabathi emanzini?

Njengoba kunikezwe ubuqili obuningi bokukhethwa nokukhethwa kwamanani ahlukene we-substrate kumnikazi wesilwane, kungase kube nokucabanga okukhohlisayo ukuthi umuntu angakwenza ngaphandle kwalo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani udinga umtholampilo onomsoco we-aquarium, uhlu lwemisebenzi yalo luzosiza:

• iqhaza ngokuqondile ekuphileni komhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi;
• ukulawulwa kwezinqubo zokuvuselelwa kwezinto eziphilayo ze-aquarium system;
• ukuqiniswa kwezimpande zezitshalo, izinhlobo zazo ezingakhula kuphela emhlabathini;
• ukuthola i-aquarium hydrophyte eyinkimbinkimbi yamavithamini namaminerali;
• ukuhlinzekela indawo ejwayele ukudoba inhlanzi, ejwayelekile yokumba umhlabathi we-aquarium;
• ukuhlunga okuphilayo okuzwakalayo;
• "Inqolobane" yemvelo ye caviar.

Yimuphi u-primer ongawukhetha kumanzi?

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene namuhla zingabonakala kwisitolo esincane kakhulu esilwane. Ekuphishekeleni izakhiwo zokuhlobisa, umuntu akufanele alahle ezinye izici ezibhekene nesimo semvelo. Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-primer ye-aquarium, ungakwazi, uma unamathela ezinconyweni ezilandelayo zongcweti:

1. Ukucaciswa kwezinga le-porosity lama-raw materials. I-substrate edayiwe ayivumeli amanzi ukuba adlule futhi ngokushesha angcolile.
2. Ukwenza uhlu lwezinhlanzi nezitshalo ezingabakhona. Ukungavumelani kungabulala abantu abazwelayo.
3. Ukukhetha izinto eziningana ezingahambisani. Uma ama-substrates amakhulu akhethiwe njengengubo yosuku, angabangela ukulimala ezinhlanzi ezincane. Ukuzivimbela, i-substrate yomhlabathi we-aquarium kusuka emathanjeni amancane isetshenziswa.
4. Ukukhomba umphumela ekubunjweni kwamanzi. Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi, izinga le-ph-component elibhekene ne-acidity ye-liquid lihlukile. I-marble, i-limestone, i-dolomite ne-sandstone kubhekwa njengenkinga ngale ndlela.

I-primer emnyama ye-aquarium

I-substrate emnyama iyonke, ngoba ngemuva kwayo noma yiziphi izakhi zokuhlobisa zibukeka kahle. Lisetshenziselwa kokubili iziqukathi ezinkulu nezincane. Lo mthunzi une-primer yezitshalo emanzini, okwenziwe ngezinto ezifana nalokhu:

1. I-quartz emnyama. Kuyabiza, ngoba kubhekwa njengetshe elimnyama futhi lisetshenziselwa ukugcizelela udumo lomnikazi we-aquarium kunokuzuzisa izakhamuzi zalo.
2. Basalt yemvelo. Ngenxa yokuthi lidala insimu enamandla yamagnetic kanye ne-relief smooth, i-hydrophyte engapheli ngaphansi kwamanzi ikhula kahle kuyo. Esikhathini esinamanzi, ngisho nezinhlanzi zihlala kahle.
3. Shungite. Ngezindleko ezilinganiselwe zesilinganiso, ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe. Kokubili umhlabathi we-aquarium owakhiwe futhi wemvelo kusuka e-shungite uye wabhekisela emaphethelweni.
4. Basalt. I-minus yayo iqhuma emanzini ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-2-3 zokusetshenziswa. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, i-basalt iba grey futhi iqala ukungcola amanzi.

I-Quartz primer ye-aquarium

I-quartz yemvelo yama-shades ehlukene iyakufanele isetshenziswe ngamanzi ashisayo namanzi abandayo. Kuyinto elula ngokuthi ayikhulisi ubunzima bamanzi futhi ihlanzwa kalula nge-siphon. Izimila, uma ukukhula kulindeleke, kuzodinga ukonga okungenani uhlobo olulodwa olulodwa lokugqoka okuvuthiwe. I-quartz ye-primer ye-aquarium inenani lamaminithi:

• umthelela omubi ekuzaleni izinhlanzi;
• ingxenyana enhle kakhulu yesihlabathi se-quartz;
• umthelela omubi ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo ngenqubo enkulu yezimpande.

I-Primer ye-aquarium - isanti

Inhlabathi ayithengi, ngakho-ke ingashintsha kaningi ngaphezu kwe-quartz noma i-shungite. Akuyona into enobuthi, okwenza kube yingxenye ekahle yendawo yokuphila yezinhlanzi nge-digestion ebucayi kanye nesilinganiso esincane. Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu ye-aquarium yesihlabathi ingokwenye yezinhlobo ezifana nalezi:

1. Umfula. Kungadluliselwa emfuleni, ukuhlunga izinhlayiya ngokusebenzisa ama-sieve amabili anama-widths ahlukene.
2. I-Marine. Ivunwa emagodini ase-coral futhi ifakwe emaphaketheni ngaphandle kokumiswa kokuqala, okuyinto egcina ngokuphelele izinambuzane ezizuzayo kuyo.
3. Okumnyama. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isihlabathi kusuka kumagnetite, i-ilmenite ne-hematite. Ikhiqizwa ngokuhlanza amatshe amancane e-quartz.
4. I-aragonite emhlophe. Ingxube yemvelo yeziqephu ze-mollusks nama-corals. Zonke ziyakuthinta ubunzima bamanzi, okungaba yingozi kakhulu kwezinhlanzi zangaphandle.

I-Primer ye-aquarium - amatshe amatshe

Amatshe amakhulu amancane angasetshenziswa njenge-substrate engezansi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuhlukumeza amahlombe nomsila wezinhlanzi. Zisetshenziselwa amathangi amanzi ahlanzekile wezinto eziphilayo ezivulekile nezivaliwe. Umhlabathi wezitshalo ze-aquarium kusuka emahlathini uhlukaniswe waba izinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Ibanga elibi. Izitshalo ezizungezile ezinamaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-30 ​​ziqoqwe emithambekeni yomfula futhi zifakwe emgodini we-ply njengesisekelo. Zonke izinhlobo zamatshe zamukelekile, ngaphandle kwalabo abakhulula i-ammonia ne-ammonium.
2. Amatshe amatshe. Inhlabathi yemvelo eyenziwa ogwini. Kulungile ukugcina inhlanzi yamahlumela kanye namanzi ahlanzekile.

Umbukiso omhlophe we-aquarium

Ukumboza phansi kombala omhlophe kukhethwe yilabo abaphupha ngokuphindaphinda ukulingisa ulwandle efulethini. Kubuye kuthandeke kakhulu nabaqalayo emanzini, abangakwazi ukuthenga ama-substrates angabizi ngalutho. Umuntu ozikhethele ijezi elimhlophe noma i-quartz njengempendulo yombuzo wokuthi iyiphi i-primer yokuthenga i-aquarium kufanele ikhumbule ngokungalungi kwayo:

• ukuqoqwa kwezidakamizwa emanzini;
• Ukusebenza kahle kwe-substrate yokulungiswa kwesitshalo;
• ukubonakala kwezingubo eziluhlaza noma eziphuzi ematheni;
• ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwazo kusuka embala we-pigment we-feed noma imithi yezinhlanzi.

I-primer ye-Marble ye-aquarium

Abalimi bezinhlanzi abanokuhlangenwe nakho babiza umqondo ovelele wokufaka izibhamu zemabula endaweni yokuhlala kwezinhlanzi. Inhlabathi engokwemvelo ye-aquarium kusukela kule mineral ishukumisa ubunzima bamanzi, okubonakala ngokushesha ngenxa yokulimala esimweni sezilwane ezifuywayo nokunciphisa ukudla. Inhlanzi kuphela ezobonga ukubaluleka okuphezulu yi- cichlid . Uthanda ukuchitha isikhathi phakathi kwenqwaba yamafutha e-dolomite ehlala phansi ngaphansi kwemineralali.

I-colorful aquarium primer

Ukufakwa kwe-substrates ezinemibala kunikeza isikhala esinqabileyo lapho kuhlobisa umthamo wanoma iyiphi i-aquarium. Ngenxa yokuthi ihlanganiswe ngendwangu yedayi, ayihlanganyeli ekushintsheni kwamanzi okugcwele, ngakho kuhlanganiswe namatshe angokwemvelo. Itholakala ngesimo somhlabathi, amagravel noma igravel. Ukuze wazi ukuthi uluhlobo luni lomhlabathi oludingekayo emanzini futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyingozi, udinga ukunaka izici ezinjalo:

• izingulube ezakha umhlabathi;
• ikhono lokubala noma ukungabi namanzi;
• Umkhiqizi unemvume esemthethweni yokukhululwa kwaleli substrate.

Ungayilungisa kanjani isimiso se-aquarium?

Emva kokuthenga, inhlabathi ayilayishwa emanzini: idinga ukulungiselela kwangaphambili, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha izinsuku eziningana. Kuye ngobukhulu bendiza, kufanele ihlelwe noma idluliswe ngesihlungo:

1. Umhlabathi ofanelekile we-aquarium ngesimo sesihlabathi unyakaziswa kabili nge-sieve enezimbobo ezincane nezinkulu.
2. Amatshe amaminerali namatshe athathwa ngesandla, asula nge-rag soft ukususa uthuli. Phakathi kwe-substrate akufanele kube yiziqu eziphilayo - zijwayele ukubola.

Indlela yokugeza inhlabathi ye-aquarium?

Isigaba sesibili se-substrate ukulungiselela ukugeza. Kuyasiza ukususa amabhaktheriya, izinsalela ze-lacquer kumatshe anemibala, imfucuza encane. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungasusa kanjani umhlabathi we-aquarium ngendlela efanele, kudingeka ulandele amanye amathiphu:

1. Amatshe anganoma yiliphi iqhwa nesihlabathi anikezwe emgodini weplastiki ogcwele amanzi abandayo.
2. I-saphu ne-liquid household detergents ayifanele ukuhlanza i-substrate-bayakwazi ukudoba inhlanzi.
3. Inhlabathi enkulu ye-aquarium ihlanganiswa ngaphezu kwe-baking sheet kwisitofu segesi.
4. Isihlabathi ukuze kuvikelwe ukubonakala kwe-mucus, kuhlanzwa ngesisombululo esifanele se-percent-percentage hydrochloric acid. Emva kwalokhu, kuhlanzwa ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningana emanzini asebenzayo.

Ukuqina kwenhlabathi emanzini

Ukuphakama kwe-substrate esitsheni kuxhomeke kumthamo wayo nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi. Izici ezibalulekile ukuphakama kwezitshalo nobukhulu bezingxenyana zenye izingxenye zenhlanganisela ye-benthic. Nquma ukuthi ingakanani umhlabathi oyidingayo ku-aquarium, isikhala esilula sizosiza:

1. Isiqukathi esincane sidinga ungqimba we-substrate ka-1.5-2 cm.
2. I-aquarium ephakathi nendawo idinga isilonda esingu-4-5 cm.
3. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zizohlela uhlaka olungama-7-12 cm.

Faka phansi ngaphansi komhlaba emanzini

Izithako zokudla okunomsoco zifakwa ngaphansi kwe-substrate yemvelo yetshe, i-shungite noma isihlabathi, ngoba ayinayo izinto zemvelo ezingagcwalisa izimpande zezitshalo ezincane. Ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi inhlabathi yokutshala izitshalo ze-aquarium, kubalulekile ukuthi ukwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokujwayelekile. I-substrate enezakhi iqukethe ama-granules afakwe ngobumba kanye ne-peat. Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwempande, bafaka iziqu zezitshalo futhi bazinzile imvelo yasemanzini.

Indlela yokuhlanza umhlaba emanzini?

Kusukela ekuhlanzekeni kwephansi kwe-aquarium kuncike ekutheni izinga kanye nokulindela kokuphila kwezinhlanzi ezihlala kuyo. Iningi lamadwala lizwela ngokukhululekile ezincane ezincane, okuvusa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Noma yimuphi umfuyi uyazi ukuthi umhlabathi we-aquarium kufanele uhlanzwe cishe onke amasonto amabili, futhi ukuhlanza okujulile kufanele kunikezwe okungenani kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezingu-6-12. Inqubo yokukhipha amaqabunga afile, izinsalela zezakhamuzi zamathangi namanzi angapheli kumele alandele i-algorithm ethile:

1. Ukukhethwa kwe- siphon yekhwalithi. Le divayisi iyindawo yokuhlanza inhlabathi ye-aquarium ngendlela ye-hose enephuzu ekunikezeni amanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ngakolunye umkhawulo we-hose yi-pear, eyenzelwe ukudweba amanzi ku-tube.
2. Khetha ibhulogi. Esikhathini sensimu yesikhuni esinamathiselwe noma isilinda. Kulezi zibonelo zanamuhla zamasiphoni ezifakiwe zifakwe "abahlanza i-vacuum", ezixhaswe ngamabhethri eminwe.
3. Isibhamu noma "i-vacuum cleaner" ifakwe ngaphansi kwe-aquarium, ukuze ukugeleza kwamanzi kungacubungula amatshe kusuka ku-mucus no-silt.
4. Nge-compress-decompression ye-pear kusukela ekujuleni kwengubo, zonke izinhlayiya zikhishwa yisidingo.