Sinikeza uhlu lwabesifazane abaphambanisa izinkinga, izinkathazo kanye nabantu abangabazi futhi bazifake igama labo emlandweni wezwe.
1. Elizabeth Blackwell (1821-1910)
U-Elizabeth Blackwell, owendabuko waseNgilandi, waba ngowokuqala ukuba athole izinga loDokotela Wezokwelapha e-United States. U-Elizabeth wazama ukungena ezikoleni ezehlukene zezokwelapha, kepha wayenqatshelwa yonke indawo ngenxa yezizathu zobulili: abesifazane ngaleso sikhathi babecatshangelwa ngokwengqondo ngokwezinga eliphansi, nokulinganiselwa ukuthi bangaphumelela emkhakheni wezokwelapha okukhipha isisu. Kodwa namanje umzamo owodwa wawunamakhanda okusheshayo - le ntombazane yavunyelwa ku-Geneva Medical College eNew York. Khona-ke wayengaqondi ukuthi kunzima kanjani ukunqoba zonke izithiyo zemiphakathi yama-pathos nabalingani beqembu kanye nesigqila soprofesa ofunda inkambo ye-anatomy. Phakathi nenkulumo ekukhiqizeni, lo profesa wabuza uElizabethe ukuba athathe umhlalaphansi, ethi konke lokhu kungcolile kwengqondo yakhe eqondayo. Ukusabela ngobuhlakani komfundi akumvumele nje ukuba ahlale ezilalelini, kodwa futhi washintsha umbono wabaningi ngaye.
Ekugcineni, ukubheja zonke izinkinga, uBeth waba umbelethisi odumile emhlabeni wonke.
2. U-Annie Smith Peck (1850-1935)
Kungenzeka ukuthi awutholi isithombe esisodwa esingcono esichaza i-pofigism kunesithombe somkhuzi u-Annie Smith Peck. Wanqoba zonke iziqongo ezinkulu zaseYurophu, kwaseNingizimu Melika, lapho ngo-1908 u-Annie waba ngumuntu wokuqala wokunqothula indawo ephakeme ePeru, iNtaba iHuascaran, eyamhlonipha umhlaba wonke.
Usosayensi ovelele kakhulu nomthelela - wabhala izincwadi eziningana futhi wafunda emhlabeni jikelele. U-Annie waqhubeka nokuhlanganyela ezintabeni, ngisho nalapho eneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nambili.
Futhi, endleleni, akazange agqoke isiketi, njengoba kwakufanele owesifazane walezo zikhathi.
Futhi abantu bafana, "Oh, Annie ..!" Yeka ukuthi ungakuqaphela kanjani! ".
Kodwa bekukhona kuye?
Kwakungubani, u-Annie?
Lol. Cha, akunjalo.
3. UMary Lou Williams (1910-1981)
UMary Lou Williams, oboniswa okwesithathu ngakwesobunxele, waba omunye wabaculi nabaqambi abanomthelela omkhulu we-jazz. Waqala ukwenza umsebenzi oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, waba nomthelela omkhulu ekuguquleni nase-bi-bop, wakha umculo wezinhlobo ezahlukene futhi wayeyikhulu lekhosari elilodwa laso sonke isikhathi.
Futhi nanku futhi, engafuni ukuchitha ingxenye yesibili kuzo zonke izinyathelo ezizungezile.
4. I -journer Truth (1797-1883)
Isishoshovu sesifazane sokuziqhenya ngokumelene nokucwaswa kwabesifazane, i-Sojourner Truth, sasihlangabezane nesisindo somlomo ne-Young suffragette Harriott Stanton Blatch.
U-Harriot Stanton Bletch: "Sozhorner, yini ongayifunda?"
I-Sozhorner Iqiniso: "Yebo, othandekayo, angizange ngiwafunde kahle amagama, kodwa ngifunda abantu kahle kakhulu."
SODZHORNER.
5. U-Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
U-Ada Lovelace wayengumbalo wezibalo (futhi lokho kusengumdlali we-spender), uyaziwa ngokuyinhloko ekudalweni kohlelo lokuqala lwekhompyutha. Usebenze noCharles Babbage embonweni wekhompuyutha yesimanje, "umshini wokuhlaziya". Ngesikhathi uBabbage amncenga:
"Yikhohlwa umhlaba nazo zonke izinkinga zayo nezinkathazo eziningi, ngokufishane, konke, ngaphandle kokubheka izinombolo." Okusho ukuthi empeleni kwakusho:
"I-Hammer kukho konke."
6. Beatrice Potter Webb (1858-1943)
UBeatrice Potter Webb wayengumguquli womphakathi, u-economist kanye nomlando-mlando. Ngomyeni wakhe wabamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wokwenza ngcono izimo zokuphila zezakhamuzi ezihluphekile, wakha imithetho yokuqala emalini omncane, wakha iqembu labasebenzi e-UK, waba umbhali wamakhulu ezincwadi futhi wasungula iLondon School of Economics, engahambisani nemibono yabanye.
7. ULillian Bland (1878-1971)
Umlobi wezindaba kanye nomshayeli, uLillian Bland, baphila impilo egcwele. Ngo-1910, e-Ireland, wakhetha indiza yakhe. Futhi konke kwakuyoba kuhle, kodwa indalo yakhe yayingenalo ithangi lokupheka, ngakho uLillian wayenza ibhodlela elingenalutho le-whisky kanye ne-tube yasendlini kayisekazi. Le indiza yahamba ngamamitha angu-30 - ibanga elimangalisayo ngalezo zinyathelo.
Lo wesifazane wayethanda ubuciko bezempi, izimoto, akazange alahleke ugwayi-omunye, adored egqoke amabhulukwe futhi enze izithembiso ngakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele. Ngemva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, wathuthela eCornwall, lapho adonsela khona, wadlala ukugembula futhi aphuza kakhulu, futhi wayenandaba nemibono yabanye.
8. U-Ethel L. Payne (1911-1991)
U-Ethel L. Payne wayengumaphephandaba ohlazileyo, eqhuba uphenyo, futhi waphinde wabamba i-American Movement of Civil Liberties kanye nobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. Njengelungu lezinhlangano zamaphephandaba e-White House, wake waxosha uMongameli u-Eisenhower ngokwakhe ngemibuzo yakhe mayelana ne-désegregation yokuhamba kwangaphakathi, emphoqelela ukuba angayinaki emibuthanweni elandelayo yezindaba. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe omude njengomlobi wezindaba, u-Ethel wabhala izihloko mayelana nakho konke okwenzekayo emhlabeni weChiefs Defender, futhi waba ngumlobi wokuqala we-Afrika-waseMelika wezintandokazi zethelevishini ye-SIBIES ngawo-1970. Abanye abafisa ukukhathazeka abakhononda ngesibindi sakhe ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana. Ngenhlanhla, wayengeke akhathalele ngalawo ma-idiots.
9. Murasaki Shikibu (973-1025)
U-Murasaki Shikibu wayengunkosikazi wenkantolo enkantolo yaseJapane yenkosi phakathi nesikhathi emlandweni waseJapan okuthiwa uHeian. Kukholelwa ukuthi wayengumbhali wenveli yokuqala emlandweni wesintu: "The Tale of Genji."
Ubaba ka-Murasaki wayenomusa umqondo wakhe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wazisola ngokuthi uzalwa intombazane. Edayari yakhe intombazane iyabhala: "Ngafunda ulimi lwesiShayina, ngilalela izifundo zikababa emnyango, ngoba abesifazane babengavunyelwe ukufunda lolu limi ...". Nokho, wayengakhathalele ngempela ngalokhu.
10. UNellie Bly (1864-1922)
U-Nelly Bly wayengumaphephandaba ophephile nophenyo. U-Nellie wayengesabi ukuloba izihloko ezibukhali mayelana nenkohlakalo yezombangazwe nobubha. Ngenkathi esekhohlise imibhalo eya emtholampilo wezifo zengqondo eNew York futhi wabhala isihloko mayelana nokuphathwa kabi kweziguli kulo mtholampilo, okwakubangela ukuxoshwa okukhulu emphakathini futhi wagqugquzela uhulumeni ukuthi athathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuthuthukisa izimpilo zeziguli. Abancintisana abanomona babengajabuli ngomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa uNellie, okwamanje, akazange azinake lezi zinto ezincane, ahlale ehlaselwa.
Futhi, endleleni, u-Nelli wenza uhambo olujikelezayo emhlabeni wonke izinsuku ezingu-72. Kungani? Yebo, ngoba nje.
11. Zinga Mbandi Ngola (1583-1663)
UZinga Mbandi, iNdlovukazi uNdongo (i-Angola yanamuhla), kwakuyi-bitch yangempela. Waba yinkosi ngo-1624 ngemuva kokushona komfowabo u-Ngola Mbandi futhi ngokushesha waqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele ngekhono elivelele ekudidisheni, amaqhinga ezempi kanye nobuqili obuphelele. Amakhono akhe empi, ubuqhawe, ukuhweba, inyunyana kanye nemibono yenkolo yamsiza ukuba avimbele ukoloni lwamapolitiki asePutukezi.
Zinga, uyindlovukazi yangempela.
12. Hedi Lamarr (1914-2000)
Yile nkulumo eyenza umdlali we-Austrian (kamuva waseMelika) nomqambi uHedi Lamarr, lapho engakhathaleli. Futhi njengoba ehlala ecwengula kuyo yonke into, ungenza isiphetho esinengqondo wena ngokwakho. U-Hedi wasungula ubuchwepheshe be "jumping frequencies", eyayisetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokuxhumana nakwi-torpedoes elawulwa yomsakazo phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Njengoba kwenzeka kamuva, lobu buchwepheshe bakha isisekelo sezinto zokwakha zanamuhla ezifana nesistimu yokuhamba nge-satellite kanye ne-Wi-Fi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayeyinkanyezi ye-movie.
Futhi kungani?