I-Meningitis ingenye yezifo ezinzima kakhulu futhi eziyingozi, ezibhekene nokuvuvukala kwezingqimba zomgogodla noma ubuchopho. Njengomthetho, ngenxa yokuzivikela okungaphelele, lesi sifo esithathelwanayo sivame ukuvezwa ezinganeni ezincane.
Ngokwenzokwelapha, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwenqubo yokuvuvukala, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-meningitis: i-serous (i-enterovirus kaningi) futhi i-purulent. Ama-causative agents we-serous meningitis yi-enteroviruses, njenge-Coxsackie, i-ECHO, igciwane lesifo se-poliomyelitis, ama-mumps nabanye. Ngokuqondene ne-puringent meningitis, i-agent ye-causative ngokuvamile iba isifo sengculaza - i-meningococcus, i-pneumococcus, i-staphylococcus, i-salmonella, i-streptococcus, i-Pseudomonas aeruginosa noma induku ye-hemophilic.
Ekuboniseni kokuqala kwe-meningitis ezinganeni, kubalulekile ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba lesi sifo singabangela izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu: isithuthwane, isithulu, i-hydrocephalus, kanye nezinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kwezingane.
Indlela yokuphatha i-meningitis ezinganeni?
Ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis ezinganeni kwenziwa kuphela ezimweni ezimilayo. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile, udokotela ozohamba naye kufanele enze i-lumbar puncture, ukutadisha i-CSF, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-bacteriological yegazi. Lezi zinqubo zenziwa ukuze kutholakale i-causative agent yalesi sifo futhi inqume ukuzwela kwayo kuma-antibiotics.
Isisekelo sokwelashwa kokubili kwe-meningitis enesisindo ne-purulent ezinganeni kuyindlela yokwelapha yama-antibiotic, okuyinhloso enkulu yokuqeda izimbangela zesifo. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa kahle uhlobo lwe-pathogen, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic empirical, okuba nomthelela kulo lonke uhlobo lwezinambuzane ezingenzeka kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-bacteriological kanye nokuhlonza uhlobo lwe-pathogen, kungenzeka ukushintsha izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ngokumelene nalesi sifo. Ngomntwana ogulayo, ama-antibiotic anikezwa ngokubeletha okungenani izinsuku ezingu-10 nezinsuku ezingu-7 ngemuva kokujwayelekile kokushisa komzimba wengane. Ngokusemthethweni, ama-antibacterials alandelayo asebenza ngezindlela eziningi asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis: ama-antibiotic ekilasini lama-cephalosporins (i- cefotaxime , i- ceftriaxone ), i-penicillin, kanye ne-reserve vancomycin kanye ne-carbapenems.
Kanye ne-antibacterial therapy, ama-diuretics anqunywe (i-diuretics, efana ne-lasix, ureide, i-diacarb) ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa okungahambi kahle, nokuvimbela nokuphatha i-edema ye-cerebral.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha okungenasiphakamiso ye-meningitis ye-etiologies ehlukene yindlela yokwelapha (ukuxoshwa kwe-detoxification) nokugcinwa kwe-balance salt yamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukumnika kwamakhemikhali we-colloidal kanye ne-crystalloid okwenziwe ngaphakathi.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa esibhedlela, ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis kwenziwa kakade ekhaya ngaphansi kwemigomo yodokotela oya khona, futhi phakathi nonyaka
Ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis ngamakhambi abantu
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufanele lesi sifo kungaholela ekufeni, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa ekhaya akunakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukhuthazwa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-meningitis ukuze usebenzise ngokuzenzekelayo izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kanye nokuchitha isikhathi okungadingekile. Khumbula ukuthi isikhathi nokusebenza kokwelashwa kwe-meningitis kuncike ekutheni lesi sifo sitholakale ngokushesha futhi sinikezwe ukwelashwa okwanele.