Umlando wesitayela seMbuso ubuyela ekhulwini le-19. Lesi sitayela savuka emva kwe-Great French Revolution, eyaletha izinguquko eziningi empilweni yamaFulentshi. Izinguquko ezinkulu ziye zathinta ubuciko nobuciko, ngakho isitayela seMbusti ukuqhutshwa kobuciko. Esikhundleni sefenisha yezobuciko kanye nezakhi zokuhlobisa, inhlonipho, ukukhukhumezeka nokulala ngaphakathi kwafika. Lezi zici zaba isisekelo sesitayela esisha, esasungulwa ngokusemthethweni yiziphathimandla. Isitayela sesitayela seMbuso saqala ukuzibonakalisa ezembatho, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, ekwakhiweni kwangaphakathi. Ngakho iminyaka engamakhulu amabili kule ndlela, amakamelo kanye nezingubo zabesifazane besimodeli. Futhi isitayela seMbuso ebuciko, ubuklamo kanye nezakhiwo zanikeza umhlaba imisebenzi eminingi emangalisayo.
Isitayela sobukhosi esembathweni
Umsunguli wesitayela sobukhosi esembathweni wayeyindoda yoMbusi waseFrance uNapoleon Josephine. Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka amakhosikazi aseFrance agqoke kulesi sitayela. Imfashini ngesitayela seMbuso ekugqokeni izingubo futhi yaqala ukusebenza eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Futhi nakuba izinto zanamuhla ezisesitayela seMbuso zihluke kakhulu ezembatho zakwabesifazane baseNapoleon, izinto eziningi zokugqoka ziye zasinda nanamuhla.
Izici eziyinhloko zesitayela sobukhosi ezembatho:
- isikhumba esiphakeme;
- ukusika okujulile;
- eside, iziketi ezivutha kancane;
- i-sleeve-flashlight;
- ukuhlobisa.
Ukuthunga ugqoke ngesitayela sobukhosi, isilk esincane nesisindo esasetshenziswa. Izembatho zazihlotshiswe ngentambo yegolide eboshwe. Izigqoko zokuqala ezenziwe ngesitayela sobukhosi zazihlukaniswa nesitimela eside. Kancane kancane lesi sitimela sanyamalala, ubude bezingubo zaba mfushane futhi bufushane, futhi ukugoqa kwe-neckline kwakungajulile. Njengoba izesekeli ezisetshenziselwa: i-shawl ende, amaglavu, ubucwebe kusuka amapharele, namasongo amakhulu.
Isitayela samanje seMbuso ekugqoke izingubo zokugqoka nokude sarafans. Izingubo zenziwe nge-silika noma i-chiffon futhi zihlotshiswe ngebhebhoni ngaphansi kwebele. Namuhla, ukugqoka komshado ku-style style kunesidingo esikhulu.
Umklamo wangaphakathi ngesitayela sobukhosi
Ukukhipha isitezi ngesitayela sobukhosi akulula. Isixazululo esihle salesi sitayela yindlu evulekile yangasese. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isitayela seMbuso esakhiweni sangaphakathi sinikeza ifenisha enkulu kanye nenani elikhulu lezici zokuhlobisa, ezibuka indawo endaweni ephethe ubukhulu obukhulu. Izici eziyinhloko zesitayela sobukhosi emklamo wangaphakathi:
- imikhakha enkulu;
- imidwebo yasendulo nemidwebo;
- imihlobiso evela ensimbi;
- ukuqoshwa;
- ifenisha ebiza;
- isiphetho segolide nembala ecebile - obomvu, obomvu, ophuzi;
- izibani ezinkulu;
- izindleko ze-satin ezibiza kakhulu;
- izindonga ezenziwe ngethambo kanye nokufakwe.
Lapho ukuhlobisa indlu ngendlela yesitayela sobukhosi, izakhi eziningi zokuhlobisa kufanele zisetshenziswe. Kodwa akulula ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe ukuba bahlanganiswe ngokuvumelana nabo ekamelweni elilodwa. Yingakho abaklami besikhathi samanje bathi ukulungiswa kohlobo lweMbuso akuthengi imali kubantu bonke.
Isitayela sezakhiwo zoMbuso
Ngokwakhiwa, isitayela seMbuso sibonakala ngenani elikhulu lezinsizakalo eziphansi, izifanekiso zabantu, ama-arches namakholomu. Izakhiwo ezisesitayela sobukhosi zivame kakhulu emadolobheni amakhulu aseFrance.
Engxenyeni yamazwe ase-post-Soviet ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, izakhiwo zakhiwe ngesitayela saseMbusweni waseStalinist. Eqinisweni, lesi sitayela asihlangene nalokho umbuso wangempela, kodwa igama ligxilile futhi lisetshenziswe namhlanje. Isitayela se-Stalinist yoMbuso sihlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-marble ne-bronze, ama-bas-reliefs abonisa abantu abasebenzayo, ukuphakama nokuphakama.