Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine ye-fetus ngezinye izikhathi kungalungile, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwezinto ezincane ezakhiweni zezitho ezithile. Cishe u-1% wezingane zizalwa ngesifo senhliziyo esiswini. Leli yiqembu lezifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezidinga ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.
Kungani izingane zizalwa ngesifo senhliziyo?
Isici esiyinhloko esibangela inkinga ecatshangelwayo yi-heredity (iphuzu lofuzo noma izinguquko ze-chromosomal). Ezimweni eziningi, izimo zangaphandle ezingalungile ziba yindlela yokwenza ushintsho. Isifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yi-Congenital - izizathu:
- ukuvezwa kwemisebe ye-ionizing;
- ukusetshenziswa komama ozayo utshwala noma amakhemikhali amakhemikhali anobuthi;
- ukubhema;
- ehlala endaweni enezemvelo empofu;
- ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
- iminyaka kayise nomama oneminyaka engu-45;
- izinga elibi le-toxicosis ngesikhathi sokubeletha;
- umsebenzi wezobuchwepheshe, okuthinta kakhulu impilo yabazali.
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okungenangqondo kubantwana, omama babo abanezifo ezilandelayo:
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- i-rubella ;
- i-adenovirus;
- inkukhu ikhukhu;
- i-serum hepatitis;
- i-herpes simplex;
- i-listeriosis;
- i-syphilis;
- isifo sofuba;
- i-cytomegal;
- i-toxo- ne-mycoplasmosis;
- ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine;
- i-systemic lupus erythematosus;
- phenylketonuria.
Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo ezinganeni - ukuhlukaniswa
I-cardiologists ihlukanisa i-pathologies echazwe ngamaqembu amathathu. Okokuqala kuhlanganisa noma yikuphi isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni, ezikhonjiswe ngokuba khona kwesithiyo ekususweni kwegazi kusuka emaqenjini. Izinketho ezivame ukwedlula zonke yi-artery yamaphazamisi, ukuqina kwesifo sofuba kanye nokuqothulwa kwe-aorta. Amaqembu amabili asele ahlanganisa isibalo esikhulu sezifo, adinga ukucatshangelwa ngokuningiliziwe.
Isifo senhliziyo
Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubizwa nangokuthi mhlophe. Nge-pathologies enjalo yokubeletha, igazi elibizayo alihlanganisi negazi elibhebhethekayo, likhishwa ngakwesokunxele senhliziyo kuya kwesokudla. Lokhu kufaka:
- iziphambeko ze-interpretrial and sevental septa;
- umzila wokuvula ovulekile;
- ukukhulumisana kwe-AV kokuzalwa;
- izinyathelo;
- i-stenosis ye-pulmonary eyodwa;
- amaphutha angu-septal;
- i-dystopia .
Izingane ezizalwa ezinesifo senhliziyo zohlobo oluchazwe, zile ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engezansi ye-trunk. Ngokusondela eminyakeni eyishumi nambili (eminyakeni engu-10-12), baqala ukuzwa ubuhlungu obunzima bokuzizwa emigqeni nasesiswini, bahlushwa yisisu no-dyspnea. Lesi sifo siphuthuka ngokushesha futhi sidinga ukwelashwa okusebenza kahle.
Isifo senhliziyo ebomvu
Igama laleli qembu le-patenogenous congenital lihlotshaniswa nekhanda lesikhumba ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo. Uma ingane izalwa isifo senhliziyo esimweni esibucayi, sinesindebe nobuso, isithunzi se-nail se-nail plate. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lubandakanya izifo ezilandelayo:
- Inkimbinkimbi ye-Eisenmenger;
- triad, tetralogy of Fallot;
- ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwezitsha ezinkulu;
- i-Ebstein anomaly;
- isikhwama esivamile esivamile;
- i-atresia ye-valve ye-tricuspid.
Isifo senhliziyo emntwaneni - izimpawu
Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yeqembu eliphakanyisiwe le-pathologies kuxhomeke kohlobo lwabo, isikhathi sokuqhubekela phambili nokuthuthukiswa kwe-decompensation ye-circulatory kanye nesimo sezinkinga ze-hemodynamic. Ukukhubazeka kwezinhliziyo ezincane ezinganeni ezincane kunezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- i-cyanosis noma i-pallor yesikhumba nama-membrane amancane;
- ukukhathazeka;
- ukuyeka isifuba;
- ukukhathala okusheshayo emva kokuqala kokuncelisa;
- ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yokulala;
- ukukhala njalo;
- iziphetho ezibandayo .
Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni zanda ngokukhula. Okhulile ingane iba, ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kubonakala ngokwengeziwe:
- ukulahla ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba;
- ubuhlungu esifubeni, ikhanda;
- ukuvuvukala;
- izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo;
- ukuphefumula;
- ukuthuthumela;
- i-tachycardia;
- i-arrhythmias;
- ukuvuvukala kwemikhumbi yomlomo wesibeletho;
- ukuchithwa kwesifuba;
- ukungazinzi kwengcindezi yegazi;
- isiyezi;
- ukunganakwa nokuzethemba;
- ubunzima bomzimba.
Ukuthola isifo senhliziyo yesifo sofuba ezinganeni
Ucwaningomanje lwama-instrumental lusiza ekutholeni inkinga ecutshangwayo. Kuye uhlobo olulindelekile lwesifo, ukuxilongwa kwesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni kuhlanganisa:
- i-electrocardiogram;
- buyekeza i-radiography;
- i-echocardiography (ngezinye izikhathi nge-dopplerography);
- imaging resonance magnetic kanye tomography computed;
- i-phonocardiography;
- i-angiography;
- ukuzwakala.
Indlela yokuphatha isifo senhliziyo ezinganeni?
Zonke izindlela zokwelashwa ezichazwe iqembu lezifo zihlukaniswe zibe ziqine futhi zizinzile. Ukunakekelwa kokuhlinzwa kwezinkinga ezingenangqondo ezinganeni ezivame ukuba yindlela yokugcina impilo yengane, ngakho-ke ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngisho nangesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa. Ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezixubene ze-pathology, ukufakelwa komzimba okunempilo kuyadingeka.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni kuyindlela yokwelashwa ebonisa ukuthi isifo noma isifo esiphuthumayo. Indlela yokuqapha ingasetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ngamafomu ahlambalayo, ngezinye izikhathi izindlela ezikhethekile kufanele zithathwe njalo. I-cardiologist eqeqeshiwe kuphela ongenza uhlelo olufanele lwezokwelapha futhi athathe imithi ephumelelayo.
Ukuphila kwezingane ezinesifo senhliziyo
Isibikezelo kuleso simo sincike ekutheni isikhathi sokuthola lesi sifo sifike futhi kuqaliswe ukwelashwa. Ngokusho kwezibalo zokufa phakathi kwezinsana zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izinkinga ezingenangqondo ezincane ezinganeni ezithatha isikhundla esiphakeme, kusukela kulokhu kuhlasela cishe amaphesenti angama-75% afa. Uma lesi sifo sitholakale kusenesikhathi sokukhula, futhi isazi se-cardiologist sinikeze ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo, izibikezelo ziyavumelana.
Ukunakekela izingane ezinokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kuhlelwe esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Ingane ifakwe ohlelweni lokunakekelwa okujulile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhishwa okukhanyayo nokuzwakalayo kuyabonakala. Ukugcina isimo esivamile:
- ukondla nge-probe;
- i-oxygen supply (uma kunesidingo);
- ukushintsha kwesimo somzimba njalo amahora amabili;
- Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokushisa komzimba, ukucindezela, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nokunyakaza kokuphefumula.
Ekhaya, abazali kufanele baqaphele ukuzola kwengane ukuvimbela ukuhamba kwe-dyspnoea ne-cyanosis. Ukondla lezi zingane kufanele zivame futhi kancane kancane, zisetshenziswe ebileni noma zinike ibhodlela ekuboneni kokuqala kwendlala. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinsipho ezikhethekile ezithambile ezenzelwe izingane ezingakabiphi. Kuyadingeka kaningi ukusiza i-regurgitate encane, ikakhulu uma kwenzeka ukudla okufakelwayo.
Ukuvimbela isifo senhliziyo esibhedlela ezinganeni
Indlela eyinhloko yokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezethulwa emfantwini yikuqedwa kwazo zonke izinkinga ezingenhla. Umama ozayo kumele:
- Gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo enhle.
- Goma ngamathambo wegciwane.
- Hlela ngokucophelela ukukhulelwa kwakho .
- Hamba zonke izikhathi zokuhlola ngaphambi kokubeletha.
- Yeka (uma kungenzeka) ekuphuzeni imithi.
Uma omunye wamalungu omndeni enesifo esifanayo esivela kumfazi noma kumuntu, ingozi yokukhulelwa kwengane ngesifo esibhekwayo iphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuvamile izingane ezinjalo zizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi isifo senhliziyo esisencane ezinganeni ezingakabiphi singavamile kakhulu ekwelapheni. Ngesinye isikhathi odokotela bayelulekwa ukuba bacabangisise kusengaphambili futhi bacabange ngokucophelela ngokufaneleka kokuzala.