Inkolelo yamaSlovic iyinqamu egcwele kunazo zonke yamasiko eshiywe okhokho bethu bamaqaba. Ngemuva kokubhapathizwa kukaRussia, amaSlav, angakulungeli ukushiya amasiko amasiko, azisa ebuKristwini isabelo sezwe lobuqaba. Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo, obani ama-ghouls nama-ghouls, kufanele afunwe emasosini aseSalavonic Old.
Ubani i-ghoul?
Uma usebenzisa i-terminology yesimanje, i-ghoul iyinvampire ephuma ethuneni ebusuku ukuze iqede ukulamba kwayo. Kodwa, ngokungafani ne-European "bloodsuckers", ama-real ghoul eRussia awazange agweme inyama yecala. Kwacatshangwa ukuthi uma i-ghoul ingadli isidumbu somuntu ohlukunyeziwe, kodwa yiphuza kuphela igazi - yena ozibulala ngokwakhe uzoba yi-monster.
Esikhathini sobuKristu ngaphambi kobuKristu, ama-ghoul kukhona imimoya eletha ukufa, isomiso nesifo esiwumshayabhuqe. Babengenalo ukuthinta okulodwa kumuntu, ngakho washeshe wafa ngesifo esingaziwa. Ngemuva kokwamukelwa kobuKristu eRussia, i-Slavic ghoul ngumuntu oshonile ongakhange unikezwe inkonzo yokungcwaba esontweni futhi wangcwatshwa ezweni elingakhulumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuba lokuba i-monster elitholiwe:
- ukuzibulala;
- izidakwa;
- abahlakaniphile;
- abahlukumezi bezitha kanye nezoni.
Owesifazane we-ghoul ungumuntu wesonto owayengumlusi futhi uyingqayizivele. Ehluleka ukuthola ukuthula ngemva kokufa, ubuyela ekhaya ebusuku futhi uphuma ngaphandle. Abantu ababazondayo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, ahlupha, bazama ukubulala, ikakhulukazi i-ghoul ihleka umalokazana-mkhwenyana ongathandeki, ibadonse ngaphandle kwesikhumba.
Yini i-ghoul ebukeka ngayo?
Ama-ghouls aseSlavic ayengafananga neze nemibono yansuku zonke mayelana nama-vampires, kodwa ngisho nakwabanye abangaphandle. Ama-legend achaza njengama-waswolves, afanelekayo ngentando yokwamukela noma iyiphi ifomu noma engabonakali. Ngokuvamile i-ghoul yathatha ubuso bomuntu oshonile onamazinyo ensimbi, amehlo akhe ashisa ngomlilo oshisayo.
Uma ukufunwa kwe-ghoul kufinyelela ekumbekeni kwethuneni, kwavela ukuthi:
- Indoda efile ayikhohlisiwe.
- Izingubo zakhe zidabukile.
- Izandla nezinyawo zilunywa emathangeni.
Ingabe kukhona ama-ghouls?
Kunzima ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ama-ghoul akhona, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuphikisa le nkolelo. Ukutadisha le nkinga eRussia akukaze kufundwe ngokuphelele. Kodwa eYurophu phakathi kwamacala e-vampirism yekhulu le-XVIII ayephenywa ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Udokotela we-Empress Maria Theresa Gerard van Sweeten kanye nesazi esaziwayo sezombusazwe u-Antoine Augustine Calme ezivumelwaneni zabo baveza imibono ephikisanayo ngalolu daba. Yimuphi wabo okholwayo - unquma.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwevampire ne-ghoul?
Manje sekukholelwa ukuthi ama-ghoul and ghouls ziyizidalwa ezifanayo, ezihluke kakhulu emikhondweni nasemakhono abo. Ukubonakala kwalesi siphambeko kubangelwa i-AS Pushkin kanye nenkondlo yakhe "Ghoul". Eqinisweni, umbongi, cishe kungenzeka, wabhala ngokungalungile igama elithi "impisi", ebonisa ukuthi kwakuyi-wolwolf. Isiko sezincwadi saqhubeka ngo-1839 AK Tolstoy, owabhala indaba ye-gothic ethi "Umndeni weGhoul".
Ubufakazi bemigodi
Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwama-ghouls kunqunywe ngekhulu le-11 futhi kwenzeka ePolotsk. Khona-ke emgwaqweni womuzi ebusuku kwakukhona ukunyathelisa nomuntu owashiya emgwaqweni ngokungazelelwe, washeshe wafa ngesifo esingaziwa. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuvela kwezigqoko eziyinhloko yePolotsk, kuzo zonke izixuku zaseKivanvan zaqala:
- izifo eziwumshayabhuqe;
- isomiso;
- ukuhlaselwa kwezizwe zasePolvvvans.
Izindaba zakamuva mayelana nama-ghoul zivele ezindabeni zezinganekwane kanye nokuzulazula, i-hero eyayivame ukwenza njengesosha, okwathi ngosizo lobuqili namanhlanhla bakwazi ukuphunyuka kwi-ghoul. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lezi zinkolelo zazivame kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ensimini ye-Ukraine neBelarus yanamuhla.
Ungabhekana kanjani nezinkinga?
Izindlela zokulwa lezi zilo zazifana nezizwe eziningi. Uma kwakukhona ukusola ukuthi idolobhana labesongelwa yi-ghoul, abantu bakuleli bazofuna ingcwaba lapho umhlaba wawuyobe ukhishwa khona noma kukhona namanje izimpawu zokuthi oshonile akaqambi amanga emkhunjini. Noma, uma umuntu esanda kushona, ngalokho athi bangayazi ngomoya omubi, bemba ithuna lakhe. Bese benza okulandelayo.
- Isidumbu sasibuke phansi.
- Bahambisa isidumbu se-aspen emhlane.
- Ama-tendon aqoshwa futhi amathambo emilenze aphulwa.
- Ama-tendon ahlukaniswa ngaphezu kwezithende futhi ama-bristles athululelwa enxebeni.
- Bakha amakhanda abo, bafaka into ethile ensimbi bese bebeka ezinyaweni zabo.
- Ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele i-ghoul, kwakudingeka ukuyishise.
Lapho behlangana nama-ghouls, bazivikela ngesiphambano noma ukuxhashazwa okuqinile, bekukholelwa ukuthi imimoya emibi yayesaba ukuxhashazwa. Kwakungenzeka futhi ukuphazamisa lesi silo nge imbewu poppy, ilayisi, ukolweni - into encane futhi etholakalayo ngobuningi - izigameko emasosini eSlavic lapho icala ngokushesha waqala ukubala okusanhlamvu futhi akwazi ukuyeka kuze kube wonke umuntu kubalwa.
Ukuvikela indlu esetshenzisiwe:
- Izingcezu zensimbi, ziphonswe emlilweni noma zifakwe efasiteleni;
- Iziphambano zishisa phezu kwefasitela neminyango yokuvula ngekhandlela, ngoLwesine Ongcwele;
- Izitha zemimoya emibi yizinja ezazalwa kuqala noma zinamabala ngaphezulu kwamehlo abo, zikhumbuza ezinye amehlo.
Amabhuku mayelana nama-ghouls
- "Ghoul" A.K. Tolstoy . Indaba yendodana encane eyayivakashela ibhola emahlathini.
- "Ghoul" A.N. Afanasyev . Ukucubungula indaba yaseRashiya yintombazane eyayishade ne-ghoul.
- "Ukuvuselela idolobha" u-Andrey Belyanin . Le ncwadi ibhalwe enhlobonhlobo yefantasy ehlekisayo futhi ikhuluma mayelana namaCoscope alinda umyalelo edolobheni, lapho oloyizi kanye nezintambo zihlala khona.
I-Cinema mayelana nama-ghouls
- "Viy" . Inguqulo yeskrini yombhalo weN.V. UGogol, owathola ukuqashelwa e-USSR nakwamanye amazwe.
- "Ghoul" . I-movie yaseRussia futhi engavamile mayelana nama-ghouls nama-ghouls abesabisa iziphathimandla zobugebengu.