Ukuzimela nge-cytology kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza njalo abesifazane abanobambisene nabo ocansini abaningi, sebeqale ukulala ngokocansi ngaphambi kweminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, banamandla okuzivikela.
I-Technique yokuthatha i-smear
Kukhona ukulungiswa kokufakela isisu, okuvumela ukuthola imiphumela enokwethenjelwa. Ngokufanayo, ukusikeka kwesifundo akuthathwe ngaphambi kwosuku lwesihlanu lomjikelezo wesimiso. Futhi kungaphansi kwelanga odinga ukukhipha ukusondelana kocansi, ukufakwa kwezidakamizwa kulesiswini, ukuvumelanisa. Ungagcini amahora angaphansi kwama-2 ngaphambi kokuvakashela kudokotela.
I-smear ye-cytological ithathwa nge-trowel ekhethekile ene-curve surface. Amaseli okuhlaziywa kufanele athathwe emgqeni we-epithelium flat and cylindrical (indawo yokuguqula), bese usatshalaliswa kwisilayidi. Indawo yokuguqulwa evame ukuhambisana nendawo yengqamuzana yangaphandle, kodwa ingahluka kuye ngokuthi ubudala nobungakanani be-hormonal. Le sayithi isabizwa ngokuthi i-epithelium yokuguquka. Ukukhethwa okulungile kwe-epithelium yempikiswano ku-smear kubalulekile ngoba inqubo ebulalayo iqala ngezinhlaka ezingezansi ze-epithelium yomlomo wesibeletho bese iqhubekela phezulu, phezulu. Uma nje ungqimba lwangaphakathi lungena kwisaga, khona-ke ukuxilongwa kuyoba okulungile kuphela esigabeni sokugcina sesifo somdlavuza.
Ucwaningo
Umlomo wesibeletho kanye nesiswini esithinta izicubu, okuthiwa i-epithelium flat. Lezi zicubu zenza umsebenzi wokuzivikela. Ngokuvamile, kumuntu onempilo, i-epithelium ku-smear kufanele iboniswe. Uma ingekho noma ikhona esincane, khona-ke lokhu kungabonisa ukuntuleka kwe-estrogens noma i-atrophy yamaseli e-epithelial.
I-epithelium flat ku-smear kufanele imelwe yizinhlobo ezinjalo zeseli: amangqamuzana angqimba, ungqimba oluphakathi, namaseli esendlalelo se-basal-parabasal. Ukwakhiwa kwamangqamuzana kuyahluka kuye ngesigaba somjikelezo wesimiso. Kulaba besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala, i-epithelium flat isakhiwe kabusha futhi ishintshwe ngokugcwele yiqembu elisha lamaseli njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5.
Imiphumela ye-Smear
Isimiso samangqamuzana epithelium flat ngaphakathi smear kwabesifazane sisuka amayunithi amathathu kuya kwangu-15 emkhakheni wombono. Uma kune-epithelium eningi ku-smear, lokhu kungabonisa ukuvuvukala okunzima noma inqubo esanda kudluliselwa (ukuvuvukala kubonakala ngokuvuselelwa kwezicubu ezisebenzayo).
Ukutholakala kwama cell atypical (okushintshiwe) akufanele kube okuvamile. Lokhu kungabonisa izinga elihlukile le-dysplasia (kuye ngokuthi umonakalo wezicubu), futhi inombolo enkulu ibonisa umdlavuza.
Inqubo yokuphazamisa uketshezi lwe-epithelium flat ku-smear ngesikhathi isifundo se-cytological se-cervix sinqunywa ukutholakala kwamaqoqo amangqamuzana e-denuclearized of the tishu epithelium flat.
Amakhemikhali e-epithelium enama-cylindrical in a smear ngaphakathi kwemingcele evamile kufanele atholakale emaqenjini amancane, ngesimo sezinyosi ze-honeycomb noma ngesimo sezingqimba. Futhi, kungase kube namaseli e-goblet lapho i-cytoplasm ihlanjululwa nge-mucus. Ngezinye izikhathi iziqu zemfihlo ziyatholakala kulawa maseli.
I-Ectopia yinto engokwenyama embelethweni wesibeletho, lapho kuqhutshwa khona i-epithelium yesikhumba esiphezulu, ngokuyishintsha nge-epithelium flat.