Ososayensi bavame ukwenza izinto ezintsha ezitholakalayo ezenza ukungabaza kolwazi oluye lwabhekwa njengokwethenjelwa. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lushintshile umbono wokuphila ku-Stone Age.
Abaningi besaqiniseka ukuthi abantu baseCal Age bahlala emaphandleni, bahamba namaqembu futhi baziphatha njengezilwane. Ucwaningo lwanamuhla luye lwafakazela ukuthi lo mbono uyakhohlisa, futhi ungikholelwa, ukutholakala okusha kubeka ukungabaza ngolwazi oluchazwe emfundweni yomlando.
1. Lwasekuqaleni ulimi olulotshiwe
Ukuhlola emaphandleni aseSpain naseFrance kwakusekelwe ekutadisheni amadokodo. Sekuyisikhathi eside izazi-mlando zithole ukufaniswa kwe-Stone Age, kodwa azizange zihlolwe ngokucophelela ngaphambili. Emadongeni emaphandleni phakathi kwemidwebo yezinkumbi, amahhashi nezinye izilwane, izimpawu ezincane ezimelela okuthile okungabonakali zitholakale.
Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi lena yilona ulimi oludala kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Emadongeni amaphepho angamakhulu amabili, izinhlamvu ezingu-26 ziphindaphindiwe futhi uma zihloselwe ukudlulisela ulwazi oluthile, khona-ke singacabanga ukuthi le ncwadi yaqalwa emuva ngalezo zinsuku. Enye into ethakazelisayo: eziningi zezimpawu ezitholakala emaphandleni aseFrance ziphindaphindiwe kwezobuciko obudala base-Afrika.
Izimpi ezesabekayo nezingenangqondo
Abantu baye balwa impi omunye nomunye kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi lokho kuyisikhumbuzo esingokomlando, esibizwa ngokuthi "Ukubulawa Kwamacala eNataruka". Ngo-2012, eNataruk enyakatho yeKenya, amathambo atholakale, ephuma emhlabathini. Ukuhlaziywa kwamathambo kubonisa ukuthi abantu babulawa ngokuphoqeleka. Enye yamathambo yayingowesifazane okhulelwe owaboshwa futhi waphonswa echibini. Kwasala abanye abantu abangu-27, phakathi kwabo kwakuyizingane eziyisithupha nabesifazane abaningana. Babephule amathambo, futhi kwakukhona izingcezu zezikhali ezahlukene kuzo.
Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kungani ukuqothulwa okunzima kwalokhu kutholakala kwenzeka. Kukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwakuyingxabano elula phezu kwezinsiza, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi le nsimu yayivundile, umfula oseduze wawugeleza, ngokujwayelekile, kwakukhona konke okudingekayo ukuze kube nokuphila okuhle. Kuze kube manje, i- "Massacre Naturok" kubhekwa njengesikhumbuzo sempi yasendulo.
3. Ukusakazeka kwesifo
Ucwaningo lwesimanje lwamathambo asendulo, olwenziwa ngo-2017, lwabonisa ukuthi lesi sifo sasivela eYurophu ngisho nangesikhathi se-Stone Age. Lesi sifo sisakaze ezindaweni ezinkulu. Abacwaningi baye bavumela ukuphetha isiphetho, ukuthi, cishe, ibhethri iye yavela empumalanga (insimu yanamuhla yaseRussia ne-Ukraine).
Akunakwenzeka ukucacisa indlela ukulimala okwenzekile ngayo ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa kungacatshangwa ukuthi abahlali base-steppe bashiya imizi yabo ngenxa yalesi sifo esibucayi.
4. Izingoma zewayini
Ngo-2016 no-2017 izazi ze-archeologists ensimini yaseGeorgia yanamuhla zathola izingcezu zedlule kusukela ekupheleni kwe-Stone Age. I-wreckage yayiyingxenye yezingodo zobumba, emva kwalokho i-tartaric acid yatholakala ngemva kokuhlaziywa. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba siqaphele ukuthi ezitsheni lapho kwakukhona iwayini. Ososayensi bathi umvini wamagilebhisi wagijima ngokwemvelo esimweni esishisayo saseGeorgia. Ukuze unqume umbala wesiphuzo, umbala wezingcezu ezitholakala zihlaziywe. Ukugqoka okubomvu kwafakazela ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo abantu bakhiqiza iwayini elimhlophe.
5. Umculo wokuhlola
Umlando usitshela ukuthi amathuluzi ase-Stone Age athuthukiswe kanye nolulwimi, kodwa ucwaningo lwesimanje luye lwaphikisa lolu lwazi. Ngo-2017, ososayensi baqhuba ukuhlolwa: izisebenzi zokuzithandela zaboniswa ukuthi zenze kanjani amathuluzi alula avela emagqabeni namatshe amatshe, kanye nezinsizakalo ezise ngesandla.
Abantu babehlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: ingxenye eyodwa yayibukele ividiyo ngezwi, kanti eyesibili - ngaphandle kwayo. Ngemva kwalokho, abantu balala, futhi umsebenzi wabo wobuchopho wahlaziywa ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaphetha ngokuthi izinguquko kolwazi azihlobene nolimi. Womabili amaqembu ayenze ngempumelelo izinsimbi ze-Acheulean. Ososayensi bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi umculo wavela kanyekanye nengqondo yomuntu.
6. Amathuluzi ahlukahlukene
Phakathi nokucutshwa ngo-2017, inani elikhulu lamathuluzi wamatshe atholakala kwa-Israyeli, alondolozwe ngokuphelele. Zadalwa cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-0.5 edlule futhi zakwazi ukutshela okuningi ngabantu baleso sikhathi.
Isibonelo, abakhi bezitini baqoqa emaphethelweni e-Kremlin, bethola ama-blades amafomu wefomu elimeziwe. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi basebenzisa ukusika izilwane nokumba ukudla. Leli kamu eliyinhloko lalisendaweni enhle, lapho kwakukhona khona umfula, izimila eziningi nokudla okuningi.
7. Indawo yokuhlala ethokomele
Ezinye izikole ziyaqhubeka zitshela emfundweni yomlando abantu base Stone Age abahlala kuphela emaphandleni, kodwa ukumba kwakuboniswe okuphambene. ENorway, kwakungatholakala imizi yokuhlala engu-150 yase-Stone Age lapho kwakukhona izindlu zobumba. Izindandatho ezenziwe ngamatshe zabonisa ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo abantu babehlala ematendeni, okwenziwa ngezikhumba zezilwane, ezixhunywe ngamasongo.
Esikhathini seMesolithic, lapho i-Ice Age iphela, abantu baqala ukwakha futhi bahlale ezindlini eziqothuliwe. Ubukhulu bezinye izakhiwo kwakukhulu kakhulu futhi bufinyelele kumamitha angu-40 square. m., lokhu kwakusho ukuthi imindeni eminingana yayihlala kuyo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi abantu bazama ukulondoloza izakhiwo ezishiywe ngumnikazi wangaphambilini.
8. Amazinyo omdala wamazinyo
Odokotela bamazinyo besaba kusukela esikhathini esidala, ngoba kwenzeka ukuthi abantu baphatha amazinyo eminyakeni engaba ngu-13 000 edlule. Ubufakazi buyatholakala ezintabeni zenyakatho yeTuscany. Ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, amazinyo anezinqubo zezinyosi atholakale - agcwele ukugcwaliswa kwemigqa emazinyo. E-koqweqwe lwawo, amathrekhi ashiywe ngensimbi ekhethekile ebukhali, eyakhiwa ngamatshe.
Ngokuphathelene nezimpawu, zenziwe nge-bitumen, zixubene nezitshalo nezitshalo. Kungani le nhlanganisela yanezelwa izithako ezimbili zokugcina, ososayensi abangazange bazimisele.
9. Ukuqwashiswa kwe-Inbreeding
Ake siqale ngegama, lapho siqonda khona uhlobo lwe-homogamy, okungukuthi, ukudluliselwa kwezinhlobo ezihlobene eduze nendawo eyodwa yezinto eziphilayo. Ososayensi kuphela ngo-2017 bakwazi ukuthola izibonakaliso zokuqwashisa kokuqala kokungenwa kwezidakamizwa, okungukuthi, umuntu akanakuxhumana nobulili nezihlobo eziseduze.
E-Sungir ngesikhathi kuvulelwa, kutholakala amaqhubu amane abantu, afa eminyakeni engu-34 000 eyedlule. Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kubonisa ukuthi abanalo ukushintshashintsha kwe-genetic code, okusho ukuthi abantu base bevele beqonda ngokuzikhethela umlingani wokuphila, ngoba baqonda ukuthi inzalo enezihlobo eziseduze inezimo ezimbi.
Uma abantu basendulo ngobuhlobo bocansi bakhetha abantu ngezikhathi ezithile, khona-ke bekuyoba nemiphumela yezakhi zofuzo. Bafuna abalingani kwezinye izizwe, okusikisela ukuthi umshado wawuhambisana nemikhosi, futhi lena kwakuyimishado yomuntu wokuqala.