Okwamanje, ezikoleni zase-Ukraine naseRussia, ngaphandle kwesigaba sokwejwayelekile-isifundo uhlelo lokufundisa, izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zemfundo zisebenziswa: isikole 2100, uZankova, ukuqonda kwe-Ukraine, i-Elkonin-Davydova nabanye. Ezikoleni zemfundo ejwayelekile eRussia manje sekutholakele uhlelo lokufundisa "School 2100". Abazali abaningi abangenayo imfundo yezemfundo abakwazi ukuqonda ngokushesha izici zokufunda ngaphansi kohlelo olusha "School 2100", ngakho-ke kulesi sihloko sizohlaziya lokho okuningiliziwe: injongo, izimiso eziyisisekelo kanye nezinkinga ezikhulayo.
Kuyini "isikole 2100"?
Uhlelo lwezemfundo lwezemfundo Isikole 2100 luhlelo olusakazwa kulo lonke elaseRussia oluhloswe ukukhulisa izinga lemfundo ejwayelekile yesibili kanye nokujwayelekile jikelele (izinkulisa, izikole) nemfundo eyengeziwe. Lolu hlelo lwadalwa ngokuhambisana noMthetho weRussia Federation "On Education" futhi sekusetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ezikoleni kulo lonke izwe.
Inhloso ye "School 2100" ukufundisa isizukulwane esincane (izingane) njengabantu abazimele , bezethemba ngamakhono abo, abakwazi ukuzithuthukisa futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo, okungukuthi, ngokukhululekile okwenzelwe ukubunzima kokuphila kwanamuhla.
Izimiso zokuqeqesha:
- Uhlelo oluhlelekile : Uhlelo lwe "Isikole 2100" lubandakanya inkulisa, eyinhloko, esikoleni esiphakeme nesiphakeme, isb. kusukela eneminyaka emithathu kuze kube sekuphothule kakhulu esikoleni semfundo jikelele. Esigabeni ngasinye esilandelayo sokuqeqesha, kusetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe obufanayo bokufundisa, okuyinto elula, futhi izincwadi zokufunda kanye nezincwadi, ezakhiwe kwizimiso ezihlangene, nazo ziyasetshenziswa.
- Ukuqhubekela phambili : lonke uhlelo lwemfundo luqukethe izifundo ezifundiswayo, luhamba kahle ukusuka komunye ukuya komunye, luhlinzeka ngokuthuthuka kancane kancane kwabafundi.
- Ukuqhubeka : inhlangano ehlangene yokuqeqeshwa inikezwa kuzo zonke izigaba zokuqeqesha futhi akukho ukuphazanyiswa kwenqubo yokufunda emingceleni yabo.
Izimiso zengqondo nezama-didactic:
- Umuntu siqu: ukuvumelanisa nomfundi othile kanye nenduduzo yakhe yengqondo;
- ukuhlelwa kwemvelo: ukudala ulwazi oluphelele emhlabeni jikelele, ukwakha ubudlelwane besimiso kuwo wonke umqondo kanye namasiko njengombono wezwe noma njengendlela yokuziphatha yamasiko;
- umsebenzi: ukuqinisekisa ukuguqulwa okulawulwayo kusuka emisebenzini ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezifundo kuya emisebenzini yokuphila futhi kusukela emsebenzini ohlangene ukuya ekuziphatheni; ukuthembela ekuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini; yakha isidingo sokwakha.
Izimiso zokukhulelwa:
- ukwakha umsebenzi womphakathi nokudala, ngokusekelwa komsebenzi ohola;
- funda ukuxhumana neqembu;
- imfundo kufanele ilandelwe ngendlela eyodwa esikoleni nasekhaya.
Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko asetshenziswayo yi:
Ukuzikhethela kohlelo lwesikole "Isikole 2100" ukuthi, ngokusekelwe esimisweni somkhakha wezemfundo, izimpumelelo zanamuhla emkhakheni wokufundisa zibuye zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo:
- ukufunda okuqondene nomuntu siqu;
- ingxoxo yenkinga;
- ukufunda okukhiqizayo;
- ukuhlolwa kwempumelelo kwinqubo yokufunda.
Izincwadi zokufunda kanye nezinsiza zokufundisa zesimiso "Isikole 2100"
Zonke izincwadi zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa zakhiwa ngokucabangela izici zengqondo zesikhathi abalwa ngaso. Kodwa lapho behlanganiswa, isimiso se- "minimax", esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imfundo, sasetshenziswa: izinto zokufundisa zanikezelwa phezulu, futhi umfundi kufanele afunde lokho okungenani, okungukuthi, izinga. Ngakho-ke, ingane ngayinye ithatha okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kepha lokhu akugcini ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba ngomkhuba kudingeka ukuba ufunde konke okungenakwenzeka njalo.
Naphezu kokuthi "iSikole 2100" selokhu sihlala isikhathi eside, sithuthuka futhi sithuthuka ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa sigcina ukuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwemigomo eyisisekelo yemfundo.