Abafakizicelo bezizwe zonke ezweni benze ukhetho olubalulekile - bazimisele ngokusebenza esikhathini esizayo. Amanyuvesi amaningi - izikhungo, amanyuvesi kanye nezikole , anikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwezici ezifanayo. Kunemibuzo yemvelo: yini engcono kunesikhungo noma enyuvesi, lapho ungena khona emva kwebanga le-11 ? Isikhungo sihluke kanjani enyuvesi?
Isikhungo ngasinye semfundo sinesimo sombuso, esinqunywe yibhodi yokugunyaza ye-Federal Service yokuPhepha eMfundweni naseSayensi. Lesi simo njalo eminyakeni emihlanu sidinga isiqiniseko ngokuletha imiphumela yemisebenzi yenkathi yeminyaka emihlanu yokuhlolwa okuhlangene yikhomishini ekhono.
Ukunquma ukuthi umehluko ophakathi kwezikole kanye neyunivesithi, ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo eziyisisekelo ezikhomba isimo seziko lemfundo ephakeme.
Imigomo echaza isimo seyunivesithi:
- izinga lokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bokufundisa;
- inani labafundi abafundela iziqu;
- imfundo yephrofayela;
- umsebenzi wesayensi.
University and Institute - umehluko
- I-Institute iyisikhungo semfundo esihlinzeka ukuqeqeshwa, ukubuyisela kabusha nokuthuthukiswa kochwepheshe kwabachwepheshe emkhakheni ocacisiwe wokusebenza komsebenzi. Empeleni, lesi sikhungo singaqeqeshwa ngisho nangomsebenzi owodwa. Izitimela zaseyunivesithi ochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okungenani ezikhethekile eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eyunivesithi inikeza ukuqeqesha, ukuvuselela nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu, kanye nezisebenzi zesayensi nezesayensi nezokufundisa.
- Isikhungo kufanele senze ucwaningo lwesayensi kumkhawulo owodwa noma eziningana. Kuzo zonke amanyuvesi, ngokwemithethonqubo, ucwaningo oluyisisekelo nolusetshenziswe kufanele lwenziwe ezindaweni eziningi zesayensi, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwamagatsha ayisithupha ezesayensi.
- Esikoleni, kubo bonke abafundi abayikhulu lapho bangase babe nabafundi abangaphansi kwezibili. Eyunivesithi, kunenani labafundi abayisishiyagalombili abafundela abafundi.
- Inani labafundisi abaneziqu ze-academic kanye ne-degrees academic esikhungweni singaba ngama-25 kuya ku-55%. Eyunivesithi, okungenani ama-60% wabasebenzi bokufundisa kufanele abe neziqu zezemfundo neziqu.
- Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu ezifundweni ze-postgraduate, okungenani ama-25% abafundi abaphothule iziqu kufanele bavikelwe eyunivesithi. Lesi sikhungo asinayo izidingo eziqinile zokuvikelwa kwabafundi abaqeqeshwe iziqu, kodwa uma ama-25% abafundi abaphothule emva kokufunda sebezivikele ngemuva kokufunda isiqu, isikole singasenza ukwandisa isimo seyunivesithi. Uma kungenakuhambisana nezidingo ezimweni ezihlukile, ushintsho oluguqukayo lungenzeka.
- Isilinganiso semali yonyaka yocwaningo olwenziwe eyunivesithi namhlanje liyi-ruble engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10, esikhungweni - okungenani izigidi eziyi-1.5, kodwa hhayi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5 ze-ruble eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
- Kokubili esikhungweni kanye nasezifundweni ezintsha zokufundisa, ukuzifundela kanye nokucwaninga kufanele kuhileleke, kodwa abafundi baseyunivesithi kumele banikezwe ukufinyelela kwemithombo yamathuluzi e-elektroniki.
- Lesi sikhungo singaba yingxenye yesikhungo semfundo, i-yunivesithi ihlala isikhungo esizimele kuphela. Ukwakhiwa kwe
IYunivesithi ingafakwa esikhungweni.
Kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukungezwani phakathi kweyunivesithi kanye nesitatimende, nakuba kungabalulekile kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngasekuqaleni kwe-USSR kwakukholelwa ukuthi inyuvesi inikeza imfundo eyisisekelo, kanye nesitatimende - imfundo yesimo esisetshenzisiwe. Manje akekho umehluko onjalo obala. Isisekelo sokukhetha isikhungo semfundo ephakeme kufanele sibe ukulinganisa kwamanyuvesi, okuhlelwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhungo zombuso zivikelekile kakhulu kunezikhungo ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.