Ukwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukuchaza isethi yezinyathelo ezihlose ukuqeda ukukhulelwa nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhulelwa. Kunezindlela eziningi nezinhlobo zokuvikelwa. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izindlela zokuvimbela ngokweqile eziphumelelayo ngokulinganayo futhi yonke indawo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa
Ukwelashwa kubhekwa njalo odokotela njengengxenye yohlelo lokuhlela umndeni. Ngesizo salo, kungenzeka ukulawula izinga lokuzalwa, futhi ukuthatha isisu sokubeletha kwe-hormonal kahle kuthinta impilo yabesifazane. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunciphisa imvamisa yokukhipha isisu - esinye sezimbangela ze-pathologies gynecological. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbela ukubeletha kuyindlela yokulawula ukuqala kwenqubo yokukhulelwa.
Izindlela ezintsha zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela izidakamizwa ohlelweni lokuzala. Ngokuvamile ngosizo lwabo kungenzeka ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala, izifo ezingasebenzi zokujikeleza esikhathini . Kuye ngesithako esisebenzayo kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa, izindlela zanamuhla zokuvimbela ngokweqile zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokwezimo kanje:
- ama-intrauterine;
- umgoqo;
- imvelo;
- i-hormonal;
- ukuhlinzwa.
Ukukhulelwa ngokwemvelo
Lolu hlobo lokuvimbela ukukhulelwa lusetshenziselwa ukuchaza isethi yezinyathelo ezingafaki ukusetshenziswa kwemithi namadivayisi. Le ndlela isekelwe ekuqatsheni ubudlelwano bocansi ezinsukwini eziyingozi - isikhathi sokuvuthwa emzimbeni wesifazane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi indlela yekhalenda yokukhulelwa. Ukusebenza kungaba kusuka ku-6 ukuya ku-40 ku-index ye-Perl (inani lokukhulelwa okwenzeka zingakapheli unyaka onyakeni kwabesifazane abangu-100 abasebenzisa indlela).
Indlela yekhalenda yokuvimbela ukubeletha isekelwe ekunqumeni isikhathi sokuvuthwa emzimbeni. Lokhu kwenzeka nxazonke zomjikelezo. Ngakho-ke, ngomjikelezo wosuku lwezinsuku ezingu-28, lolu usuku lwesi-14. Ngenxa yokuthi umjikelezo awuhlali njalo, imingcele yenkathi evundile ishintshwe kuzo zombili izinkomba kwezinsuku ezimbili. Cabangela isikhathi sokuphila se-spermatozoa - izinsuku ezingu-4 emva kocansi. Njengoba kunikezwe lezi zici, ngombuthano wezinsuku ezingu-28, amathuba okukhulelwa aphezulu kusukela ngosuku lwesishiyagalombili kuya ku-17. Uma umjikelezo ungaguquki, kusukela esikhathini eside kunazo zonke ususa izinsuku ezingu-11, futhi kusukela ezindala kunazo zonke - izinsuku ezingu-18.
Kunezinye izindlela ezingavamile zokubeletha kwemvelo:
- shintsha ekushiseni okuyisisekelo (ukwanda nge-ovulation);
- ukuphazamisa ukulala ngokobulili njengendlela yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kungacatshangwa, kepha kwenziwa phakathi kwemibhangqwana eshadile;
- ukutadisha ukufana kwe-mucus yomlomo wesibeletho (ivolumu nokwandisa).
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa
Izindlela zanamuhla zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ziye zaqhubeka, kodwa ngokuvamile imibhangqwana eshadile isebenzisa enye yezindlela ezindala kunazo zonke - isithiyo. Isekelwe ekwakheni isithiyo endleleni yendoda eya emaqanda. Ngokuvamile leli qembu lezinzalo zokukhulelwa libizwa ngokuthi imishini. Izindlela ezinjalo zokuzivikela ekukhulelwe zifaka:
- ikhondomu;
- isikhumba somlomo wesibeletho ;
- i-diaphragm yesisu.
Amakhondomu ayetshenziselwa kabanzi, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukukhulelwa komuntu. Kodwa-ke, kunezikhondomu zesifazane - isikhwama esincane esenziwe nge-cylindrical esenziwe nge-latex. Emaphethelweni kukhona izindandatho ezimbili, enye yazo efakwe ngaphakathi kwesiswini bese efakwa entanyeni, kanti okwesibili kukhishwa. Ngale ndlela, isithiyo sidalwa i-spermatozoa.
Ukukhulelwa Kwamahomoni
Phakathi kwezindlela ezikhona zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, izindlela zokwelapha ze-hormonal zithandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nokutholakala. Ukuvimbela ukukhulelwe, owesifazane udinga ukuthatha imithi ye-hormone (kaningi iphilisi) ngokusho kwephethini ethile ngesikhathi esifanayo. Njengengxenye yamalungiselelo kukhona izingxenye ze-estrogenic ne-gestagenic.
Izindlela eziningi ze-hormonal zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngokuhambisana nesenzo sokuzivikela zibangela ukuphazanyiswa kokukhula kwe-endometrium yebele. Phakathi kwezibeletha zokubeletha kwe-hormonal kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa amafomu alandelayo:
1. Okuhlanganisiwe (isrogen-progestational):
- ngomlomo ;
- i-plasters;
- izindandatho zangasese;
- mini-second (amanani amancane we-progestins).
2. Izimila.
3. Ukungena.
Ukwelashwa Kwemikhiqizo
Izindlela zamakhemikhali zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa zisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezilimaza isidoda. Lezi zinto (i-spermicides) zibhubhisa i-membrane yeseli yama-germ cells, okuholela ekufeni kwabo. Njenge-spermicides, ukukhulelwa kwezikimikhali kune-benzalkonium chloride.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenza kwalendlela kuncane - ama-Perl index ranges kusukela ku-6 kuya ku-20. Izidakamizwa ezikhona emakethe yemithi zikhishwa ngendlela:
- ama-suppositories,
- amakhandlela,
- ama-gel,
- ama-creams,
- amafilimu.
Lezi zimali owesifazane angena ngaphambi nje kokulala ngokocansi engxenyeni engenhla yesifazane (imizuzu 10-20 ngaphambi kocansi). Cishe nje ngemva kokuphathwa, i-agent iveza umphumela wokukhulelwa. Izenzo zobulili eziphindaphindiwe zidinga ukwethulwa okungeziwe kwezizindleko, ngoba banezimpikiswano ezimfushane. Odokotela bacebisa ukusebenzisa lezi zindlela ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-contrahorm njengendlela eyengeziwe, isibonelo uma usebenzisa izithiyo zokuvimbela imithi.
Ukwelashwa kokubeletha
Indlela yokuhlinzwa yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, okuthiwa inzalo, iyindlela eqondile yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa. Kungasetshenziswa kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Uma inzalo kubesifazane, odokotela badala ukuvimbela ama-tubes. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhulelwa kungenakwenzeka. Ukwelashwa kokubeletha emadodeni kwenziwa ngokudlulisa ama-vas deferens, ngenxa yalokho kungekho-spermatozoa ejaculate.
Inzalo iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokukhulelwa. Ukukhulelwa kungenzeka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu futhi kubangelwa ukwephulwa kwindlela yokuhlinzeka ngokuhlinzwa. Kwezinye izimo ukubuyiswa kabusha kwamatayipi wezintambo kungenzeka - ukubuyisela ubuciko. Le ndlela ayinakuguqulwa, ngakho ayisebenzi kubantu besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala bokuzala.
Izindlela zokuphulwa kokuphuthumayo okuphuthumayo
Isimo esiphuthumayo noma se-postcoital sibhekisela kulolu hlobo lokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, lapho izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa zenziwa emva kokulala ngokobulili okungavimbelwe. Lezi zindlela zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa zivimbela ukukhulelwa esiteji sokukhulelwa noma ukufakelwa. Basikisela ukwethulwa kwezinto eziningi ze-hormonal emzimbeni, okuvusa inqola ye-endometrium futhi ibangele ukuphuma kwegazi (esikhathini esingakahleleki).
Lolu hlobo lokuvimbela luhlanganisa ukwamukela ifomu lamathebulethi, ngakho-ke kuvame ukufakwa ezindleleni zomlomo zomlomo. Odokotela bahlukunyezwa ngokusetshenziswa kakhudlwana kwalendlela futhi abayincoma abesifazane abasha abangakazalwa. Sebenzisa ukukhulelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu:
- lapho ikhondomu iphukile;
- ngemuva kokudlwengula;
- uma ezinye izindlela zingasebenzi.
Izindlela zokubeletha emva kokubeletha
Uma sicabanga ngezindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa emva kokubeletha, odokotela baqaphela indlela yemvelo yokuvikela - i-amenorrhea yama-lactational. Nge-lactation esebenzayo, ukubeletha, inani elikhulu leprolactin likhiqizwa, elivimbela ukuvuthwa. Le ndlela iphumelela okungenani izinyanga ezingu-6 uma ingane isetshenziswa njalo esifubeni (okungenani isikhathi esingu-1 njalo amahora ayisithupha). Indlela yesibili evame kakhulu ukufakwa kwe-spiral. Inqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwesibeletho. Amama kanye nezindlela zomuntu zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa zisetshenziswa: ukugeza okushisayo, ijusi lemon.
Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa
Akunakwenzeka ukubiza indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukubeletha odokotela. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi imvelo ngayinye iyodwa futhi ayikho indlela ejwayelekile kanye nendlela. Ukukhethwa kokukhulelwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokwezifiso, kanye nodokotela, emva kokudlulisa ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwesistimu yokuzala yesiguli.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane
Iningi lamantombazane ukhetha izidakamizwa ze-hormone njengezindlela eziphumelelayo nezanamuhla zokwelapha ngokweqile. Lemithi iyatholakala, kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ibekezelela kahle umzimba. Inzalo, njengendlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu yokuvimbela ukukhulelwa, akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Abesifazane abaningi bafuna ukuthola impumelelo yesikhashana futhi bangalahlekelwa ithuba lokuba umama uma befuna. Phakathi kwezindlela ezithandwayo kwabesifazane:
- idivayisi ye-intrauterine;
- ikhondomu;
- spermicides.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwabesilisa
Esikhundleni sokuqala phakathi kwamadoda phakathi kwezinqubo zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa - isithinte (ikhondomu). Ukufinyeleleka, i-prostate yesicelo, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwenza kube yithandwa kakhulu. Abamele abaningi besifazane abanamandla kulo lonke lolu hlelo lokuzala basebenzisa kuphela le ndlela. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhulelwa kwamadoda, phakathi kwazo:
- imithi ye-hormonal (androgens ne-antiandrogens);
- Ukufakelwa okuncane kwamagciwane - ama-ampoules aqukethe i-androgens, eyakhelwe udokotela ohlinzayo ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ixazulula ngaphakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwangu-4;
- inzalo.