Amalungelo wengane akhona ngamalungelo abantwana

Kunzima kubahlali bekhulu leminyaka lama-21 ukukholelwa ukuthi eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule kwakungekho umbhalo olungisa amalungelo omntwana. Izingane kanye nentsha beyizo zonke zabazali bazo futhi banquma kuphela ukuthi ukuphila kwabo kuzoba kuphi: lapho bezohlala khona, ngabe ngabe bazofunda yini futhi bazoqala ukusebenza.

Amalungelo Abantwana Abancane

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungabonakali kanjani (kwengqondo nangokwenyama), ingane encane ayifani kakhulu nomuntu omdala ngokuphathelene namalungelo atholakalayo: kumele abe negama lokuqala negama, athole imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokunakekelwa. Amalungelo abaluleke kunazo zonke wengane amnika ithuba lokukhulisa umuntu ovumelanayo, kungakhathaliseki isimo sezenhlalakahle nezomnotho sabazali, ubuhlanga nendawo yokuhlala.

Amalungelo omphakathi wengane

Amalungelo wengane-isakhamuzi-isakhamuzi aqala isenzo sabo kusukela osukwini lokuqala lokuphila. Ngomuntu oqala ukububula umntwana uba yisakhamuzi sombuso, futhi kwamanye amazwe ngaleyo njongo iqiniso lokuzalwa ensimini yalo linelungelo, kanti kwezinye kubalulekile ukuthi ubuzwe bube nomunye wabazali. Ngakho-ke, yimaphi amalungelo esakhamuzi esanda kukwenziwa:

1. Egameni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho ingane ifika eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, insizwa inikwa ithuba lokushintsha igama (isibongo) ngokuzikhethela kwakhe, okuyinto engakaze ibe neminyaka engu-14 iyaqaphela abazali bayo (abameleli).
2. Ekuphileni, ubuqotho bomuntu siqu nenkululeko. Akekho (kuhlanganise nabazali) onelungelo lokulimaza ingane encane, ukuziphatha kabi kwezokwelapha okungemthetho naye, ukumnciphisa inkululeko yakhe, njll.
3. Ngombono ongeke ushicilelwe wombono wakho, okucatshangelwayo ngokuthatha isikhathi sokubheka. Ukuvunyelwa kunoma yiziphi izinguquko empilweni (ukwamukelwa, ukushintshwa kwegama, ukuhlala nomama noma ubaba) uqala ukubuza emva kweminyaka eyishumi. Kusukela eneminyaka engu-14 umntwana osemusha unethuba lokuzimela ngokuzimela enkantolo nasezinhlanganweni zamalungelo abantu.
4. Inkululeko yokukhetha inkolo.
5. Ukunakekelwa nokugcinwa. Uma ingane encane iphoqelelwa ukuba iphile ngaphandle komndeni, kufanele iqashwe noma izithunywa zombuso.
6. Ukunakekela nokunikeza izidingo.
7. Emfundweni kanye nokuvakashela ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene.
8. Ukuvikelwa ebudloveni nasekubandakanyekeni ekwamukelweni kwezidakamizwa.

Amalungelo ezombangazwe wengane

Kungaba iphutha ukucabanga ukuthi ngenxa yobuncane, amalungelo ezombusazwe awadingeki kubantwana. Kodwa lokhu akunjalo. Ingane ngayinye inelungelo lokuba nezingane ezihlukahlukene (kusukela eminyakeni engu-8 ubudala) nentsha (kusukela eminyakeni engu-14) nezinhlangano zomphakathi, ezigxile enhlanganweni yokuzilibazisa, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okudala nokudlala. Umbuso (emazingeni ahlukene) kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhuthaze imisebenzi yezinhlangano ezinjalo, uhlele imikhankaso yokukhangisa, ubanike amacala okukhokha intela kanye nezindawo zikamasipala zokusetshenziswa, ukukhuthaza ukubandakanyeka kwabaxhasi kanye nabanikazi bemisebenzi ukuthuthukisa isisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo.

Amalungelo Ezomnotho Wezingane

Kungakhathaliseki indawo yokuzalwa, ubuzwe kanye nombala wengane, ingane inelungelo lokuvikelwa ekusebenzeni ngokweqile - ubuncane besikhathi sokungena emisebenzini, izimo ezikhethekile zomsebenzi kanye nokukhokha zilungiswa izenzo zomthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamizi ezingaphansi kweminyaka zingaphansi kokuvikelwa komphakathi, okungukuthi, zinelungelo lokuthola izinzuzo, ukuvuselelwa, njll. Futhi banethuba elihle lokwenza ukuthengiswa kwezindlu ezincane. Abasha (abaneminyaka engama-14) bathola ithuba lokusebenzisa imali yabo ngokukhululekile: izipho, ama-scholarships.

Amalungelo omphakathi wengane

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu abadala ukudala izimo lapho izingane zingakhula ziphilile futhi zikhule ngokugcwele. Ngokomthetho ochazwe yimithetho, abazali noma abameleli bezomthetho kumele babone ilungelo lomntwana lokufunda, okungukuthi, ukulihlinzeka enkulisa, esikoleni noma ukuhlela isikole esikoleni esifaneleka kubo. Ukwengeza esikoleni nasengadini, ungazijayeza emibuthanweni nezigaba, ukuya ezikoleni, ezemidlalo nezomculo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphathwa kwendawo enkulu yokutadisha akukwazi ukuvimbela imfundo eqhubekayo.

Amalungelo wengane emndenini

Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwengane ixhomeke ngokuphelele kubazali noma kulabo bantu ababafaka esikhundleni sabo. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi amalungelo ingane enomndeni:

1. Ubunikazi bomuntu siqu:

• ngolwazi ngabazali - ilungelo lomntwana lokuzijwayeza abazali begazi kubaluleke kakhulu uma kunikezwa noma kunqatshelwe amalungelo okugcina omzali;
• zokuxhumana nokuphila okungenakunqotshwa nezihlobo - ngaphandle kwezizathu ezibalulekile ezishiwo emithethweni, akekho ongathatha izinyane kubazali bakhe noma abenqabe ukuxhumana nabo, umthetho ofanayo usebenza nezinye izihlobo;
• ukuze bathole ukunakekelwa kwabazali bobabili - bobabili ubaba nomama baphoqelekile ukuba bafundise ingane yabo futhi bamnikeze ngentuthuko yonke.

Amalungelo wengane emphakathini

Kusukela eminyakeni ethile, ingane iba yingxenye egcwele empilweni yomphakathi - iya enkulisa, bese isiya esikoleni. Futhi uma kuze kube maduzane noma yikuphi izenzo zothisha noma othisha ezibhekwa njengengxenye yendlela yokufundisa, manje kunomkhuba wokuvikela ilungelo lomntwana ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo emphakathini:

1. Amalungelo wengane enkulisa:

• ukuphepha, ukungahambi kahle nokuhlonipha umuntu - othisha abanalo ilungelo lokumemeza ngane, ukumfundisa ngokuphoqa, ukuphoqa noma ukuhlambalaza noma yini.
• ekuthuthukiseni amakhono - othisha kufanele baqhube amakilasi ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo, amakhono okudala namakhono.
• ukunakekelwa kwezempilo - uma kunesidingo, umntwana okhulelwe kumele athole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.

• ukuqeqesha ngezinhlelo ezijwayelekile noma ngabanye;
• ngokusebenzisa ilabhulali kanye negumbi lokudlela;
• Izimo zokuqeqesha eziphephile neziphephile - izakhiwo zesikole kumele zihambisane nemigomo yokuhlanzeka futhi zingabi nengozi empilweni;
• ukuya emakilasini angeziwe (kokubili akhokhelwa futhi akhululekile);
• ukusiza isazi sengqondo nomfundisi;
• ukuze uthole usizo lwezokwelapha.

• ekukhulumeni kwenkululeko;
• ngokuphepha;
• ukuze kusetshenziswe izindawo zokudlala zezingane, amapaki, njll.

Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo ezingane

Kuze kube neminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, abantu abakwazi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo bakwazi ukuvikela izithakazelo zabo. Ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo kwabantwana kufakwe emahlombe abazali (ababheki), abasebenzisa izicelo ezifanele enkantolo kanye nehhovisi lomshushisi. Ezimweni lapho izingane zidinga ukuvikeleka kubazali bazo (ukushaywa, ukuphathwa kabi, ubudlova noma ukungafezeki kwemithwalo yemfanelo yabazali), yonke imisebenzi yenziwa yizindikimba zokugcinwa kanye ne-trusteeship.

Amadokhumenti ngamalungelo wengane

Inkinga yokuvikela izingane ezinhlobonhlobo zobudlova kwakunzima kakhulu ngo-1924. Kwabe sekudalwe isimemezelo samalungelo wengane, okwaba yisisekelo soMhlaba WoMhlaba, osayinwe ngo-1989. Kungani inkinga yamalungelo wengane emenyezelwe kumqulu ohlukile? Impendulo icacile. Ngenxa yokuthi ubuthakathaka kunabantu abadala, akakwazi ukuzivikela futhi nguye owokuqala ukushaywa uma kwenzeka izinhlekelele zempi nezinkinga zomnotho.

Izinhlangano zomphakathi zokuvikela amalungelo abantwana

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imigomo kanye nezigaba zoMhlangano ngamalungelo wengane azihlali nje emigqeni ephepheni, ukulawulwa okuqinile kusetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazwe asayine. Iyiphi inhlangano evikela amalungelo abantwana? Umthwalo oyinhloko uwela uKomishinala Wokuvikela Amalungelo Ingane noma i-Ombudsman. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi ezisiza izingane ezinzima, izingane ezilahliwe kanye nomama abangashadile.