Ithempeli likaHagia Sophia eConstantinople (manje i- Istanbul ) lakhiwa ngekhulu le-4 AD. Phakathi nekhulu le-XV ngenxa yokuthunjwa komuzi waseYurophu ngamaTurkey ase-Ottoman, i-cathedral yaba umkhosi wamaSulumane. Ngo-1935, iKathhedral kaHagia Sophia e-Istanbul yathola isimo semyuziyamu, futhi ngo-1985 yayihlanganiswa njengeSakhiwo seMagugu eNhlabathi njenge-UNESCO njengesikhumbuzo somlando.
Uphi Hagia Sophia?
Uphawu oludumile lweByzantium enkulu manje ngokubizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-Museum of Aya-Sophia futhi lisendaweni yomlando yaseSultanahmet - esikhungweni esidala saseTurkey Istanbul.
Ngubani owakhile uHagia Sophia?
Umlando we-cathedral yaseSt. Sophia waqala engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-IV ekubuseni kombusi waseRoma uConstantine Omkhulu - umsunguli wenhloko yombuso waseConstantinople. Ngo-1380 uMbusi Theodosius I wanika ibandla lamaKhristu ase-Orthodox futhi wamisa uMbhishobhi Omkhulu uGregory uMfundisi Wabafundisi. Izikhathi eziningana i-cathedral yabhujiswa ngenxa yemililo futhi yabhidlika nokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngo-1453, iThempeli likaHagia Sophia laphenduka umsikashika, ama-minare amane namakhaya akhelwa eceleni kwawo, aguqula ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwendawo yokwakha, futhi wagubha izindlu zethempeli. Ngemva kokuba uHamia Sophia emenyezelwe ukuthi kwakungumamyuziyamu, akhiqiza izingqimba ze-plaster ezivela emafreskheni amaningi kanye nama-mosaic amaningi.
I-Architecture kaHagia Sophia
Ngenxa yokuhlelwa kabusha nokubuyiswa okuningi kusukela esakhiweni sangempela, cishe akukho lutho oluhlala. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sobukhulu belokhu kugcinwa izici ezivela kwezobuciko beByzantine: inhlanganisela ekhethekile yobuhle nobuhle. Namuhla, uHagia Sophia eTurkey uyisakhiwo se-quadrangular esakha ama-nave amathathu. I-basilica ihlotshiswe ngodonga elikhulu elinama-arches angu-40 asekelwa ngamakholomu amakhulu e-malachite ne-porphyry. Engxenyeni engenhla yamafasitela angu-40, ngaphezu kwalokho, amafasitela ama-5 ase-niche ngayinye. Amandla ayingqayizivele namandla amakhulu ezindongeni, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kunikezwa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwamaqabunga omlotha kwanezelwa emhlabathini.
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Ukumiswa okuyingqayizivele ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwe-cathedral: imininingwane yemabula embala, imibala emihle egolide, izingoma zomculo ezindongeni, ezibonisa izifundo zeBhayibheli kanye nezomlando, kanye nezindwangu ezimbali. Esikhathini somdwebo usebenza izikhathi ezintathu zokuthuthukiswa kwale fomu yobuciko ezivelele ngokucacile, ezikhonjiswe ngokuphawulekayo kokusebenzisa umbala nokudala isithombe.
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Imikhumbi ethempelini yizinsika eziyi-8 zejaspi zemibala engavamile, ezalethwa ethempelini lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu , kanye nekhomu elidumile elithi "ikholomu yokulila". Ngokusho kwenkolelo, uma uthinta imbobo ekholomu ehlanganiswe ngezingxenye zethusi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uzizwa kukhona khona umswakama, khona-ke isifiso esifihliwe siyogcwaliseka ngokuqinisekile.
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Isici sika-Aya-Sophia singumhlanganisi wezithombe zezimpawu zobuKristu, uJesu Kristu, umama kaNkulunkulu, abangcwele, abaprofethi beTestamente Elidala kanye namacaphuno avela eKoran, esisezikhungweni ezinkulu. Okuthakazelisa ngokukhethekile imibhalo eyenziwe ngamapulangwe amatshe ngaphezu kwamakhulu eminyaka. Amandulo kakhulu ama-runes aseScandinavia, ashiywa yi-Warriors-Varangians enkathini ephakathi. Manje zigcwele izinto ezikhethekile ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezivikela ukuvikela imibhalo ye-runic kusuka ku-erasure.
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Eminyakeni yamuva, inkampani eningi iye yagcinwa ukubuyisela uHagia Sophia ebuKristwini be-Orthodox, njengoba ekuqaleni yayihleliwe. AmaKristu emazweni amaningi emhlabeni ajoyina izidingo zokubuyisela ithempeli lasendulo ku-Orthodoxy, ukuze amakholwa abe nethuba lokuthandaza esontweni.