Namuhla, i-mosaic ithathwa kalula, kodwa kuphela abantu abacebile kakhulu abakwazi ukuyikhokhela. Ngesikhathi lapho kwakungekho ukukhiqizwa kwamatayela amaningi, abantu basakaza imidwebo ngezandla zabo, besebenzisa izindlela zokuthuthukisa kanye namatshe anemibala kuphela.
Okwamanje, izazi-mlando zinezinqubo ezine zokwenza imidwebo yamaRoma: iRoma, i-Russian Alexandrian ne-Florentine. Okuyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke yi-mosaic ye-Florentine. Ukwenza lokhu, abadwebi basebenzisa amatshe enhlobonhlobo enemibala: iso le-tiger, i-amethyst, i-malachite, i-agate, i-carnelian, i-serpentine, i-jasper, i-marble, i-lapis lazuli, i-sodalite, i-hematite. Uma wenza isithombe, kusetshenziswe amatshe okuthiwa ama-shades athile, anikezwa isimo esifisa futhi asikwe. Ngemuva kokucubungula, izakhi zamatshe zijoyina ndawonye ukwakha iphethini. Ukuze kukhethwe imigqa eyindilinga, amatshe amancane amancane noma isici esisodwa esenziwe ngokucophelela sisetshenziswa. Isithombe esiphelele singathumela ngokunembile imininingwane nemigqa ye-halftones, okuyinto enzima ukuyifinyelela ngisho nangopende lweoli.
Umlando we-mosaic
I-Florentine mosaic yaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 futhi yayithandwa iminyaka engama-300. Ekuthuthukiseni nasekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bokudala "ukudweba ngamatshe" indima enkulu eyadlala yiDuke u-Ferdinand I de Medici. Wayenguye owokuqala wokwakha i-workshop yokusebenza ngamatshe ayigugu futhi amancane, ayebizwa ngokuthi "Igalari kaDei Lavori." Lapha amakhosi ase-Italy aqala ukuzama ukuhlanganiswa kwezithombe ezivela ngamatshe anemibala, kamuva ezaziwa ngokuthi "pietra dura".
Ama-jewelers ahlakulele isitayela sawo somusa okuthiwa i-"commesso", okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ukukhishwa". Kungani igama elinjalo? Iqiniso liwukuthi amatshe ayigugu asemqoka, ngemva kokusika nokubunjwa kwesimo esifisa, ayengezwe emaphethini athile ukuze umzila phakathi kwawo ube cishe ungabonakali. Inqubo yomdwebo we-Florentine yayisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezibhebhe zetafula, ama-panels odongeni, amabhokisi ezokungcebeleka, amabhodi we-chess, kanye nokuhlobisa izakhi zefenisha. Ngeshwa, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lolu hlobo lobuciko lwayeka ukuba lufanele, njengoba abantu beshintshela ekudwebeni nasekwakhiweni.
Namuhla, ama-mosaics enqubo ye "pietra dura" ingatholakala eminyuziyamu zomlando nezokuqoqa ezizimele. Imidwebo evelele kunazo zonke isebenza: "Igoli laseMoscow", "Iphaneli elinombhoshongo", "Umqondo wokuhogela nokuthinta", "Intaba yomfula".
I-Florentine mosaic eyenziwe ngamatshe - ukukhiqiza izici
I-mosaic yase-Italy inezici eziningi ezihlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo zokubukwa:
- zonke izingxenye zalesi sibalo ziqinile kangangokuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwamatshe cishe kungabonakali;
- zonke izakhi kufanele zibe phansi ngokucophelela futhi kule ndege efanayo;
- ngisho nekhophi eliqondile kakhulu lesithombe lihlukile koqobo, ngoba emvelweni awekho amatshe afana ngokuphelele;
- ukudala umdwebo oyedwa kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa;
- Ngokungafani nemidwebo engxoxweni, izithombe ezivela etsheni ngeke ziphele futhi zingashisi iminyaka eminingi.
Namuhla, "imiidwebo yamatshe" ihlobisa amabhokisi amancane noma iminyango yekhabhinethi. Imali eningi ithathwa emsebenzini, njengoba isithombe ngasinye senziwe ngokulandelana komuntu siqu.
Abanye abaklami basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Italy ukwenza ubucwebe besifazane. Imihlobiso, imihlobiso namacici amakhulu ahlotshiswe ngamacwecwe amancane amatshe anemibala, afakwe kwipatheni ethile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izakhi ezifanayo kumkhiqizo owodwa zingaba nemithunzi ehlukile ngenxa ye-heterogeneity yetshe lemvelo.
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